Cited by 462Eating Disorders and BehaviorsRegulation of Appetite and ObesityNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 101 of the 101 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Obesity and the brain: how convincing is the addiction model?

Ziauddeen, Hisham, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Fletcher, Paul C.·2012·Nature Reviews Neuroscience

DOI 10.1038/nrn3212

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

An increasingly influential perspective conceptualizes both obesity and overeating as a food addiction accompanied by corresponding brain changes. Because there are far-reaching implications for clinical practice and social policy if it becomes widely accepted, a critical evaluation of this model is important. We examine the current evidence for the link between addiction and obesity, identifying several fundamental shortcomings in the model, as well as weaknesses and inconsistencies in the empirical support for it from human neuroscientific research.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nrn3212

Cites

101 of 101 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346
The global obesity pandemic: shaped by global drivers and local environments
Swinburn, B. A., Sacks, G., Hall, K. D., McPherson, K., Finegood, D. T., Moodie, M. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60813-1 · Cited by 4,888
Brain dopamine and obesity
Wang, G.-J., Volkow, N. D., Logan, J., Pappas, N. R., Wong, C. T., Zhu, W., Netusll, N., & Fowler, J. S. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03643-6 · Cited by 1,864
The Neuroscience of Natural Rewards: Relevance to Addictive Drugs
Kelley, A. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-09-03306.2002 · Cited by 1,505
Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies
Verdejo‐García, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003 · Cited by 1,502
Dopamine D2 receptors in addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats
Johnson, P. M., & Kenny, P. J. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2519 · Cited by 1,495
Reward, dopamine and the control of food intake: implications for obesity
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., & Baler, R. D. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.001 · Cited by 1,400
Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale
Gearhardt, A. N., Corbin, W. R., & Brownell, K. D. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003 · Cited by 1,369
Evidence for sugar addiction: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intermittent, excessive sugar intake
Avena, N. M., Rada, P., & Hoebel, B. G. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.019 · Cited by 1,358

Show all 101 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Vandenbroeck, P., Goossens, J. & Clemens, M. Tackling Obesities: Future Choices — Obesity System Atlas (Government Office for Science, UK, 2007).

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 462

Neural systems implicated in obesity as an addictive disorder
LaFata, E. M., Yokum, S., Potenza, M. N., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2015) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.011 · Cited by 31
Shared Urges? The Links Between Drugs of Abuse, Eating, and Body Weight
Nolan, L. J. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0048-9 · Cited by 28
Sugars and Health Controversies: What Does the Science Say?
Rippe, J. M., & Angelopoulos, T. J. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.114.007195 · Cited by 29
The obese brain as a heritable phenotype: a combined morphometry and twin study
Weise, C. M., Piaggi, P., Reinhardt, M., Chen, K., Savage, C. R., Krakoff, J. A., & Pleger, B. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.222 · Cited by 27
A qualitative study of overweight and obese Australians' views of food addiction
Cullen, A. J., Barnett, A., Komesaroff, P. A., Brown, W. A., O’Brien, K., Hall, W., & Carter, A. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.013 · Cited by 27
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Disorders of Energy Balance
Han, J. C., & Weiss, R. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-62520-3.00024-5 · Cited by 27
Systematically lower structural brain connectivity in individuals with elevated food addiction symptoms
Peng-Li, D., Sørensen, T. A., Li, Y., & He, Q. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104850 · Cited by 28
Disordered Eating Behaviors Related to Food Addiction/Eating Addiction in Inpatients with Obesity and the General Population: The Italian Version of the Addiction-like Eating Behaviors Scale (AEBS-IT)
Rossi, A. A., Mannarini, S., Castelnuovo, G., & Pietrabissa, G. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15010104 · Cited by 27
Food addiction distinguishes an overweight phenotype that can be reversed by low calorie diet
Guzzardi, M. A., Garelli, S., Agostini, A., Filidei, E., Fanelli, F., Giorgetti, A., Mezzullo, M., Fucci, S., Mazza, R., Vicennati, V., et al. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2652 · Cited by 27
Turkish version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale: preliminary results of factorial structure, reliability, and construct validity
Büyüktuncer, Z., Akyol, A., Ayaz, A., Nergiz‐Unal, R., Canyolu, B. A., Coşgun, E., Özdemir, P., Pekcan, A. G., & Besler, H. T. (2019) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-019-0202-4 · Cited by 26
Laugh Away the Fat? Therapeutic Humor in the Control of Stress-induced Emotional Eating
Bast, E. S., & Berry, E. M. (2014) · Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal · doi:10.5041/rmmj.10141 · Cited by 25
The association of addictive-like eating with food intake in children
Richmond, R. L., Roberto, C. A., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.06.002 · Cited by 25
Deep brain stimulation for obesity: rationale and approach to trial design
Ho, A. L., Sussman, E. S., Pendharkar, A. V., Azagury, D. E., Bohon, C., & Halpern, C. H. (2015) · Neurosurgical FOCUS · doi:10.3171/2015.3.focus1538 · Cited by 25
New Evidence Linking Obesity and Food Addiction
Cope, E. C., & Gould, E. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.02.1179 · Cited by 25
Obesity Stigma: Is the ‘Food Addiction’ Label Feeding the Problem?
Ruddock, H. K., Orwin, M., Boyland, E. J., Evans, E. H., & Hardman, C. A. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11092100 · Cited by 31
The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity
Levin, B. E., Geary, N., & Lutz, T. A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00002.2024 · Cited by 27
Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype
Passeri, A., Municchi, D., Cavalieri, G., Babicola, L., Ventura, R., & Segni, M. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1240748 · Cited by 32
Dorsal Striatal Dopamine, Food Preference and Health Perception in Humans
Wallace, D. L., Aarts, E., Dang, L. C., Greer, S. M., Jagust, W. J., & D’Esposito, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096319 · Cited by 24
Body weight and its association with impulsivity in middle and old age individuals
Aiello, M., Ambron, E., Situlin, R., Foroni, F., Biolo, G., & Rumiati, R. I. (2018) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2018.03.006 · Cited by 24
Food addiction and symptoms of depression among inhabitants of the European North of Russia: Associations with sleep characteristics and photoperiod
Borisenkov, M. F., Popov, S. V., Tserne, T. A., Bakutova, L. A., Pecherkina, A. A., Dorogina, O. I., Александровна, М. Е., Vetosheva, V. I., Gubin, D. G., Solovieva, S. V., et al. (2020) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2728 · Cited by 29
Binge sucrose-induced neuroadaptations: A focus on the endocannabinoid system
Nogueira, D. D. S., Bourdy, R., Filliol, D., Awad, G., Andry, V., Goumon, Y., Olmstead, M. C., & Befort, K. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105258 · Cited by 25
Human hunger as a memory process.
Stevenson, R. J., Yeomans, M. R., & Francis, H. (2023) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000413 · Cited by 23
The Translation of Substance Dependence Criteria to Food-Related Behaviors: Different Views and Interpretations
Meule, A., & Kübler, A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00064 · Cited by 23
Food Addiction: An Evolving Nonlinear Science
Shriner, R. L., & Gold, M. S. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6115370 · Cited by 25
Establishing a food addiction diagnosis using the Yale Food Addiction Scale: A closer look at the clinically significant distress/functional impairment criterion
Ouellette, A., Rodrigue, C., Lemieux, S., Tchernof, A., Biertho, L. D., & Bégin, C. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.031 · Cited by 28
Asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional en universitarios chilenos
Obregón, A. M., Fuentes-Fuentes, J., & Pettinelli, P. (2015) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872015000500006 · Cited by 22
Obesity in DSM-5
Marcus, M. D., & Wildes, J. E. (2012) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/00485713-20121105-10 · Cited by 22
Dissociated Accumbens and Hippocampal Structural Abnormalities across Obesity and Alcohol Dependence
Mole, T. B., Mak, E., Chang-Webb, Y. C., & Voon, V. (2016) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw039 · Cited by 22
Food engineering into the XXI century
Aguilera, J. M. (2017) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.16018 · Cited by 23
Brain activation to high-calorie food images in healthy normal weight and obese children: a fMRI study
Samara, A., Li, X., Pivik, R. T., Badger, T. M., & Ou, X. (2018) · BMC Obesity · doi:10.1186/s40608-018-0209-1 · Cited by 21
Decoding the Role of Gut-Microbiome in the Food Addiction Paradigm
Novelle, M. G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136825 · Cited by 24
Food Addiction Beliefs Amongst the Lay Public: What Are the Consequences for Eating Behaviour?
Ruddock, H. K., & Hardman, C. A. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0136-0 · Cited by 21
Food addiction and its relationship with other eating behaviours among Spanish university students
Escrivá‐Martínez, T., Galiana, L., Herrero, R., Rodríguez‐Arias, M., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Gearhardt, A. N., & Baños, R. (2023) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-023-00772-5 · Cited by 21
If Sugar is Addictive… What Does it Mean for the Law?
Gearhardt, A. N., Roberts, M. T., & Ashe, M. (2013) · The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics · doi:10.1111/jlme.12038 · Cited by 21
Proof of Concept for a Mindfulness-Informed Intervention for Eating Disorder Symptoms, Self-Efficacy, and Emotion Regulation Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates
Felske, A. N., Williamson, T. M., Rash, J. A., Telfer, J. A., Toivonen, K. I., & Campbell, T. (2022) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2020.1828255 · Cited by 20
Exploring food reward and calorie intake in self-perceived food addicts
Ruddock, H. K., Field, M., & Hardman, C. A. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.12.003 · Cited by 20
Functional Polymorphism in the Neuropeptide Y Gene Promoter (rs16147) Is Associated with Serum Leptin Levels and Waist-Hip Ratio in Women
Mutschler, J., Abbruzzese, E., Wiedemann, K., von der Goltz, C., Dinter, C., Mobascher, A., Thiele, H., Diaz-Lacava, A. N., Dahmen, N., Gallinat, J., et al. (2013) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000346799 · Cited by 20
Startling Sweet Temptations: Hedonic Chocolate Deprivation Modulates Experience, Eating Behavior, and Eyeblink Startle
Jens Blechert, A., Naumann, E., Schmitz, J., Herbert, B. M., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085679 · Cited by 20
Dopamine in the oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis contributes to compulsive responding for sucrose in rats
Maracle, A. C., Normandeau, C. P., Dumont, É. C., & Olmstead, M. C. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0149-y · Cited by 20
Sex-specific differences in hepatic steatosis in obese spontaneously hypertensive (SHROB) rats
Dong, Q., Kuefner, M., Deng, X., Bridges, D., Park, E. A., Elam, M. B., & Raghow, R. (2018) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-018-0202-x · Cited by 20
“Always do your best!”—The relationship between food addiction, exercise dependence, and perfectionism in amateur athletes
Hauck, C., Schipfer, M., Ellrott, T., & Cook, B. J. (2019) · German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research · doi:10.1007/s12662-019-00609-x · Cited by 20
Believing in food addiction: Helpful or counterproductive for eating behavior?
Ruddock, H. K., Christiansen, P., Jones, A., Robinson, E., Field, M., & Hardman, C. A. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21499 · Cited by 19
The association of serum leptin levels with food addiction is moderated by weight status in adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Peters, T., Antel, J., Föcker, M., Esber, S., Hinney, A., Schéle, E., Dickson, S. L., Albayrak, Ö., & Hebebrand, J. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2637 · Cited by 21
Changes in Reward after Gastric Bypass: the Advantages and Disadvantages
Scholtz, S., Goldstone, A. P., & le Roux, C. W. (2015) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-015-0534-5 · Cited by 19
The Influence of Maternal Metabolic State and Nutrition on Offspring Neurobehavioral Development: A Focus on Preclinical Models
Mitchell, A. J., Dunn, G. A., & Sullivan, E. L. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.11.014 · Cited by 20
Overlapping decline in orbitofrontal gray matter volume related to cocaine use and body mass index
Smith, D. G., Jones, P. S., Williams, G. B., Bullmore, E. T., Robbins, T. W., & Ersche, K. D. (2013) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12081 · Cited by 19
State and trait influences on attentional bias to food-cues: The role of hunger, expectancy, and self-perceived food addiction
Ruddock, H. K., Field, M., Jones, A., & Hardman, C. A. (2018) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.08.038 · Cited by 19
Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and depression in the elderly over 55 years in Northern China: analysis of data from a multicentre, cohort study
Li, R., Zhan, W., Huang, X., Zhang, Z., Zhou, M., Bao, W., Huang, F., & Ma, Y. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056019 · Cited by 45
Allostasis in health and food addiction
Ridder, D. D., Manning, P. J., Leong, S. L., Ross, S., & Vanneste, S. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep37126 · Cited by 18
Food Addiction and Its Potential Links with Weight Stigma
Reid, J. D., O’Brien, K., Puhl, R. M., Hardman, C. A., & Carter, A. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0205-z · Cited by 18
Power of mind: Attentional focus rather than palatability dominates neural responding to visual food stimuli in females with overweight
Franssen, S., Jansen, A. T. M., van den Hurk, J., Roebroeck, A. F., & Roefs, A. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104609 · Cited by 21
How Impulsiveness Influences Obesity: The Mediating Effect of Resting-State Brain Activity in the dlPFC
Han, X., Zhang, H., Xu, T., Liu, L. L., Cai, H., Liu, Z., Li, Q., Zheng, H., Xu, T., & Yuan, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.873953 · Cited by 17
Treating the binge or the (fat) body? Representations of fatness in a gold standard psychological treatment manual for binge eating disorder
Brown‐Bowers, A., Ward, A. K., & Cormier, N. S. (2016) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459316674788 · Cited by 17
Influence of Antioxidants on Leptin Metabolism and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Obesity
Mangge, H., Ciardi, C., Becker, K., Strasser, B., Fuchs, D., & Gostner, J. M. (2017) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_17 · Cited by 16
Gain‐of‐function variants in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene confer susceptibility to binge eating disorder in subjects with obesity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Qasim, A., Mayhew, A., Ehtesham, S., Alyass, A., Volckmar, A., Herpertz, S., Hinney, A., Hebebrand, J., & Meyre, D. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12761 · Cited by 18
French validation of the addiction-like eating behavior scale and its clinical implication
Legendre, M., & Bégin, C. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-01039-7 · Cited by 19
Association between food addiction and time perspective during COVID-19 isolation
Borisenkov, M. F., Popov, S. V., Витальевич, С. В., Gubin, D. G., Petrov, I. M., Vasilkova, T. N., Solovieva, S. V., Александровна, М. Е., Pecherkina, A. A., Dorogina, O. I., et al. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01259-5 · Cited by 17
Hedonics, satiation and satiety
Dalton, M., & Finlayson, G. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857098719.4.221 · Cited by 17
Maternal Over- and Malnutrition and Increased Risk for Addictive and Eating Disorders in the Offspring
Guillaumin, M. C. C., & Peleg‐Raibstein, D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051095 · Cited by 16
Philosophically, is obesity really a disease?
Steele, M., & Finucane, F. M. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13590 · Cited by 16
Association of adverse childhood experiences and overweight or obesity in adolescents: A systematic review and network analysis
Moriya, R. M., de Oliveira, C. E. C., Reiche, E. M. V., PASSINI, J. L. L., & Nunes, S. O. V. (2024) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13809 · Cited by 16
Addictive-like eating mediates the association between eating motivations and elevated body mass index.
Joyner, M. A., Schulte, E. M., Wilt, A. R., & Gearhardt, A. N. (2015) · Translational Issues in Psychological Science · doi:10.1037/tps0000034 · Cited by 16
Food preferences and YFAS/YFAS-C scores in schoolchildren and university students
Borisenkov, M. F., Tserne, T. A., Popov, S. V., Bakutova, L. A., Pecherkina, A. A., Dorogina, O. I., Александровна, М. Е., Vetosheva, V. I., Gubin, D. G., Solovieva, S. V., et al. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-01064-6 · Cited by 17
Effects of repeated yohimbine administration on reinstatement of palatable food seeking: involvement of dopamine D1-like receptors and food-associated cues
Ball, K. T., Miller, L., Sullivan, C., Wells, A. K., Best, O., Cavanaugh, B., Copus, T., Corrigan, N., Hawkins, S., Kobbe, K., et al. (2015) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12287 · Cited by 16
Ad-libitum high fat diet consumption during adolescence and adulthood impacts the intravenous self-administration of cocaine in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Clasen, M. M., Sanon, T. V., Hempel, B. J., Nelson, K. H., Kearns, D. N., Davidson, T. L., & Riley, A. L. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000280 · Cited by 16
Prisoners of Addictive Cues: Biobehavioral Markers of Overweight and Obese Adults with Food Addiction
Aviram-Friedman, R., Kafri, L., Baz, G., Alyagon, U., & Zangen, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12113563 · Cited by 15
Are Sugars Addictive? Perspectives for Practitioners
Corwin, R. L., & Hayes, J. E. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8077-9_13 · Cited by 15
Trait impulsivity correlates with active myoclonic seizures in genetic generalized epilepsy
Syvertsen, M. R., Koht, J. A., Selmer, K. K., Enger, U. H., Pal, D. K., & Smith, A. B. (2020) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107260 · Cited by 15
Pleiotropy of genetic variants on obesity and smoking phenotypes: Results from the Oncoarray Project of The International Lung Cancer Consortium
Wang, T., Moon, J., Wu, Y., Amos, C. I., Hung, R. J., Tardón, A., Andrew, A. S., Chen, C., Christiani, D. C., Albanes, D., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185660 · Cited by 17
Stress-induced overeating behaviors explained from a (transitory) relief-learning perspective
Papalini, S. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114707 · Cited by 17
GABAB Receptor: Structure, Biological Functions, and Therapy for Diseases
Xie, W., Li, Y., Wang, X., Blokhina, E. A., Krupitsky, E. M., Vetrova, M., Hu, J., Yuan, T., Chen, J., Wang, H., et al. (2025) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.70163 · Cited by 15
More complex than you might think: Neural representations of food reward value in obesity
Pimpini, L., Kochs, S., Franssen, S., van den Hurk, J., Valente, G., Roebroeck, A. F., Jansen, A. T. M., & Roefs, A. (2022) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2022.106164 · Cited by 16
The Obesities
Karasu, S. R. (2014) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827614537773 · Cited by 14
Pavlovian conditioning and cross-sensitization studies raise challenges to the hypothesis that overeating is an addictive behavior
Harb, M. R., & Almeida, O. F. X. (2014) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2014.28 · Cited by 13
Acquisition and generalization of appetitive responding in obese and healthy weight females
van den Akker, K., Schyns, G., Breuer, S., van den Broek, M., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103500 · Cited by 14
Preclinical Models of Stress and Environmental Influences on Binge Eating
Bonaventura, M. V. M. D., Bonaventura, E. M. D., Polidori, C., & Cifani, C. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43562-2_7 · Cited by 13
Utility of ‘substance use disorder’ as a heuristic for understanding overeating and obesity
O’Connor, R. M., & Kenny, P. J. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110580 · Cited by 14
Food Addiction and Obesity: Do Macronutrients Matter?
Zilberter, T. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroenergetics · doi:10.3389/fnene.2012.00007 · Cited by 13
Transdiagnostic Investigation of Impulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Binge Eating Disorder With Eye-Tracking Methodology—A Pilot Study
Schag, K., Rauch-Schmidt, M., Wernz, F. D., Zipfel, S., Batra, A., & Giel, K. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00724 · Cited by 13
Subjective and Objective Olfactory Abnormalities in Crohn's disease
Fischer, M., Zopf, Y., Elm, C., Pechmann, G., Hahn, E. G., Schwab, D., Kornhuber, J., & Thuerauf, N. (2014) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/bju022 · Cited by 13
Appetitive Needs and Addiction
Sussman, S. Y., & Pakdaman, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.004 · Cited by 12
Giving up sugar and the inequalities of abstinence
Throsby, K. (2018) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.12734 · Cited by 17
Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research
Clark, L. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.4.2015.014 · Cited by 12
Neurobiological Consequences of High-Fat High-Sugar Diets on the Mesocorticolimbic System: a Narrative Review
Atar, A. (2026) · Current Nutrition Reports · doi:10.1007/s13668-026-00729-5 · Cited by 14
Are Certain Foods Addictive?
Meule, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00038 · Cited by 11
Neural circuits of eating behaviour: Opportunities for therapeutic development
Clifton, P. G. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117738629 · Cited by 11
A graduated food addiction classification approach significantly differentiates obesity among people with type 2 diabetes
Raymond, K.-L., Kannis‐Dymand, L., & Lovell, G. P. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316672096 · Cited by 12
Current perspectives on brain circuits involved in food addiction-like behaviors
Senol, E., & Mohammad, H. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-023-02732-4 · Cited by 11
Advances in the Neurobiology of Food Addiction
LaFata, E. M., Chao, A. M., & Allison, K. C. (2021) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-021-00234-9 · Cited by 14
Obesity surgery and neural correlates of human eating behaviour: A systematic review of functional MRI studies
Alabdulkader, S., Al‐Alsheikh, A. S., Miras, A. D., & Goldstone, A. P. (2024) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103563 · Cited by 10
Central nervous system biomarkers for antiobesity drug development
Ziauddeen, H., & Fletcher, P. C. (2013) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2013.08.015 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Neuroimaging of Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, and Addictions: Overlapping and Unique Systems
Gearhardt, A. N., Boswell, R. G., & Potenza, M. N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-45378-6_4 · Cited by 10
The associations of BMI with mean diffusivity of basal ganglia among young adults with mild obesity and without obesity
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Nouchi, R., Yokoyama, R., Nakagawa, S., Iizuka, K., Sakaki, K., Araki, T., Nozawa, T., Ikeda, S., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-69438-5 · Cited by 10
Towards a translational approach to food addiction: Implications for bulimia nervosa
Leslie, M., Lambert, E., & Treasure, J. (2019) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-019-00264-0 · Cited by 9
Food addiction and emotional eating are associated with intradaily rest–activity rhythm variability
Borisenkov, M. F., Tserne, T. A., Bakutova, L. A., & Gubin, D. G. (2022) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-022-01461-z · Cited by 9
Psychobiology of Appetite and Food Reward in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Is there a Role for Exercise?
Hopkins, M., Beaulieu, K., & Finlayson, G. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.10.018 · Cited by 8
Food Addiction in Application to Obesity Management.
Almeida, R. D., Kamath, G., & Cabandugama, P. K. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9
Neurobiology of food choices—between energy homeostasis, reward system, and neuroeconomics
Enax, L., & Weber, B. (2016) · e-Neuroforum · doi:10.1007/s13295-015-0020-0 · Cited by 10
Neurogenetic and Neuroimaging Evidence for a Conceptual Model of Dopaminergic Contributions to Obesity
Stanfill, A. G., Conley, Y. P., Cashion, A. K., Thompson, C. L., Homayouni, R., Cowan, P. A., & Hathaway, D. (2015) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800414565170 · Cited by 11
Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and disorders of energy balance
Weiss, R., & Lustig, R. H. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4858-7.00031-7 · Cited by 9

Authors: Ziauddeen, H., Farooqi, I. S., & Fletcher, P. C.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author: Fletcher, Paul C.
ORCID: Ziauddeen, Hisham
Farooqi, I. Sadaf
Fletcher, Paul C.
Venue: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2012-03-14
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 279-286
ISSN: 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
1471-0048
DOI: 10.1038/nrn3212
OpenAlex: W2033383318
Cited by: 462
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 7.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (095692, 093270)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: obesity, food addiction, addiction models, overeating, brain changes, neurobiology of eating, clinical practice, social policy, evidence evaluation
MeSH terms: Brain, Humans, Hyperphagia, Models, Theoretical, Obesity, Behavior, Addictive

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Obesity and the brain: how convincing is the addiction model?

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks