Genetic influence on cognitive development between childhood and adulthood
Open accessAbstract
Successful cognitive development between childhood and adulthood has important consequences for future mental and physical wellbeing, as well as occupational and financial success. Therefore, delineating the genetic influences underlying changes in cognitive abilities during this developmental period will provide important insights into the biological mechanisms that govern both typical and atypical maturation. Using data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC), a large population-based sample of individuals aged 8 to 21 years old (n = 6634), we used an empirical relatedness matrix to establish the heritability of general and specific cognitive functions and determine if genetic factors influence cognitive maturation (i.e., Gene × Age interactions) between childhood and early adulthood. We found that neurocognitive measures across childhood and early adulthood were significantly heritable. Moreover, genetic variance on general cognitive ability, or g, increased significantly between childhood and early adulthood. Finally, we did not find evidence for decay in genetic correlation on neurocognition throughout childhood and adulthood, suggesting that the same genetic factors underlie cognition at different ages throughout this developmental period. Establishing significant Gene × Age interactions in neurocognitive functions across childhood and early adulthood is a necessary first step in identifying genes that influence cognitive development, rather than genes that influence cognition per se. Moreover, since aberrant cognitive development confers risk for several psychiatric disorders, further examination of these Gene × Age interactions may provide important insights into their etiology.
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Mollon et al. reported heritabilities for g of 0.61 (SE = 0.14) and 0.72 (SE = 0.07) for non-Hispanic African and European-Americans in this sample respectively.
“Specifically, Mollon et al. [65] reported heritabilities for g of 0.61 (standard error (S.E.) = 0.14) and 0.72 (S.E.= 0.07) for the non-Hispanic African and European-Americans in this sample respectively.”
From Global Ancestry and Cognitive Ability (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
The Discussion reports a 72% heritability estimate for g, and the Methods (Participants) confirm that the study analyzed non-Hispanic African Americans and European Americans separately. The passages available from our copy do not state the claimed 0.61 estimate for African Americans or either standard error; the Results (Cognitive abilities are heritable) directs readers to Table 1 for the estimates without reproducing those numbers in the retrieved text. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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The lifespan evolution of individualized neurophysiological traits
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Neuropsychological Status From Preschool Age up to Adolescence
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Immunity as key factors that influence cognitive development on children
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Neuropsychological Development and Assessment From Infancy to Adolescence
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Gene × sex interactions on cognition in the Philadelphia neurodevelopmental cohort
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- Authors
- Mollon, J., Knowles, E. E. M., Mathias, S. R., Gur, R., Peralta, J. M., Weiner, D. J., Robinson, E. B., Gur, R. E., Blangero, J., Almasy, L., & Glahn, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mollon, Josephine
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Psychiatry
- Published
- 2018-10-19
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 656-665
- ISSN
- 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5578
- PMC
- PMC6570578
- OpenAlex
- W2896149371
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 3.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (MH107248, MH107235)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- cognitive development, heritability, cognitive maturation, general intelligence, genetic correlation, neurocognitive function, childhood, early adulthood, Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Cognition, Humans, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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