Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
We conducted this meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials to estimate the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the improvement of depression. We applied a systematic bibliographic search in PubMed and EMBASE for articles published prior to 20 December 2017. This meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 and R 3.4.3, and means and standard deviations were calculated in fixed- or random-effects models based on the results of the Q-test. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the stability of the results, and publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression analysis. Our search resulted in 180 articles; we analyzed 26 studies, which included 2160 participants. The meta-analysis showed an overall beneficial effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on depression symptoms (SMD = −0.28,P = 0.004). Compared with placebo, EPA-pure (=100% EPA) and EPA-major formulations (≥60% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits with an EPA dosage ≤1 g/d (SMD = −0.50,P = 0.003, and SMD = −1.03,P = 0.03, respectively), whereas DHA-pure and DHA-major formulations did not exhibit such benefits. Current evidence supports the finding that omega-3 PUFAs with EPA ≥ 60% at a dosage of ≤1 g/d would have beneficial effects on depression. Further studies are warranted to examine supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs for specific subgroups of subjects with inflammation, severity of depression, and the dose response for both EPA and DHA supplementation.
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DHA-pure and DHA-major formulations did not exhibit such benefits.
“DHA-pure and DHA-major formulations, on the contrary, did not exhibit such benefits.”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [127]
A 2019 meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (including 26 studies; 2,160 participants) showed an overall beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on depression symptoms, and both EPA-pure (=100% EPA) and EPA-major formulations (≥60% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits at an EPA dosage of ≤1 g/day.
“A 2019 meta-analysis of double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials (including 26 studies; 2,160 participants) showed an overall beneficial effect of n-3 LCPUFA on depression symptoms, and both EPA-pure (= 100% EPA) and EPA-major formulations (≥ 60% EPA) demonstrated clinical benefits at an EPA dosage of ≤ 1 g/day [127].”
From Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health: Review of recent studies and recommendations (2021) · cites this paper as [127]
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- Authors
- Liao, Y., Xie, B., Zhang, H., He, Q., Guo, L., Subramanieapillai, M., Fan, B., Lu, C., & McIntyre, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- University Health Network (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Fan, Beifang
- Lu, Ciyong
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2019-08-05
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 190-190
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6683166
- OpenAlex
- W2965334743
- Cited by
- 404
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 2 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-09-07)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, depression, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA supplementation, dietary supplementation, depressive symptoms, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome
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