Omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of interferon-alpha-induced depression: results from a randomized, controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background Interferon (IFN)-α therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection is frequently associated with depression. The routine prophylaxis with antidepressants might expose patients to adverse effects, hence, the need for alternative preventive interventions. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are safe and effective essential nutritional compounds used for the treatment of depression, putatively through an anti-inflammatory action. In addition, lower erythrocyte levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with an increased risk of IFN-induced depression.Methods We conducted a 2-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and placebo for the prevention of IFN-α-induced depression. A total of 162 patients consented to participate and were randomized to the study. All of the patients completed the 2-week trial; 152 participants were followed throughout the 24 weeks of IFN-α treatment and were included in the analysis.Results Compared with placebo, the incident rates of IFN-α-induced depression were significantly lower in EPA-treated but not in DHA-treated patients (10% and 28%, respectively, versus 30% for placebo, p = .037). Both EPA and DHA significantly delayed the onset of IFN-induced depression (week of onset: 12.0 and 11.7, respectively, versus 5.3 for placebo, p = .002). EPA and DHA were both well tolerated in this population. EPA treatment increased both EPA and DHA erythrocyte levels, but DHA only increased DHA erythrocyte levels.Conclusions EPA is effective in the prevention of depression in hepatitis C virus patients received IFN-α therapy. Our study confirms the notion that anti-inflammatory strategies are effective antidepressants in the context of depression associated with inflammation.
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Pretreatment with EPA may reduce the risk of developing depression in patients with hepatitis C treated with INF-α.
“Pretreatment with EPA may reduce the risk of developing depression in patients with hepatitis C treated with INF- α (167).”
From Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories (2023) · cites this paper as [167]
Giving omega-3 fatty acids before medication seems to prevent the onset of cytokine induced depression.
“and that giving omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties, before the medication seems to prevent the onset of cytokine induced depression.20”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Medications that stimulate inflammation typically induce depressive states in people treated.
“The study shows that medications that stimulate inflammation typically induce depressive states in people treated”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
Specific nutritional components and general dietary patterns may have anti-inflammatory effects.
“Specific nutritional components (eg, polyphenols and polyunsaturated fats) and general dietary patterns (eg, consumption of a Mediterranean diet) may also have anti-inflammatory effects,14 19 20”
From Food and mood: How do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing? (2020) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Su, K.-P., Lai, H.-C., Yang, H.-T., Su, W.-P., Peng, C.-Y., Chang, J. P.-C., Chang, H.-C., & Pariante, C. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- China Medical University Hospital (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Pariante, Carmine M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-10
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 559-566
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983925259
- Cited by
- 205
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 20.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Council (102-2911-I-039-501, 101-2628-B-039-001-MY3, 101-2320-B-038-020-MY2)
- National Health Research Institute (NHRI-EX101-10144NI)
- China Medical University in Taiwan (CMR99-114, DMR-101-081)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- omega-3 fatty acids, chronic hepatitis C, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, depression prevention, inflammation and depression
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hepatitis C, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Eicosapentaenoic Acid, Interferon-alpha
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