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Neuronal lysosomal dysfunction releases exosomes harboring APP C-terminal fragments and unique lipid signatures
Abstract
Defects in endolysosomal and autophagic functions are increasingly viewed as key pathological features of neurodegenerative disorders. A master regulator of these functions is phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a phospholipid synthesized primarily by class III PI 3-kinase Vps34. Here we report that disruption of neuronal Vps34 function in vitro and in vivo impairs autophagy, lysosomal degradation as well as lipid metabolism, causing endolysosomal membrane damage. PI3P deficiency also promotes secretion of unique exosomes enriched for undigested lysosomal substrates, including amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs), specific sphingolipids, and the phospholipid bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), which normally resides in the internal vesicles of endolysosomes. Secretion of these exosomes requires neutral sphingomyelinase 2 and sphingolipid synthesis. Our results reveal a homeostatic response counteracting lysosomal dysfunction via secretion of atypical exosomes eliminating lysosomal waste and define exosomal APP-CTFs and BMP as candidate biomarkers for endolysosomal dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders.
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The elevation of GM3 and BMP species potentially indicates lysosomal dysfunction.
“potentially indicating lysosomal dysfunction”
From TREM2 regulates microglial cholesterol metabolism upon chronic phagocytic challenge (2020) · cites this paper as Miranda et al., 2018
The Results section (‘Vps34 ablation in neurons alters brain exosome composition’; page unavailable) reports increased BMP levels ‘consistent with endolysosomal impairment,’ supporting the proposed link for BMP. Our copy does not report an elevation of GM3 or link GM3 to lysosomal dysfunction, so that part of the claim is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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“Since neurons upregulate the secretion of exosomes to mitigate lysosomal lipid and cargo burden [56], the inhibitory effect of APOE4 expression in exosomes release [70] may also contribute to neuronal vulnerability.”
BackgroundSelf-citationJones, E., Adams, H., Chen, K.-E., Maroof, F., Ibbotson, T. M., Nakamura, Y., Banks, P. J., Healy, M. D., Lewis, P. A., Heesom, K. J., et al. (2026) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.14.724903
Metadata
- Authors
- Miranda, A. M., Lasiecka, Z. M., Xu, Y., Neufeld, J., Shahriar, S., Simoes, S., Chan, R. B., Oliveira, T. G., Small, S. A., & Di Paolo, G.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-01-18
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2041-1723
- PMC
- PMC5773483
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 10
- Language
- en
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