Nrf2 negatively regulates STING indicating a link between antiviral sensing and metabolic reprogramming
Open accessAbstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 is a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. If and how Nrf2 also affects cytosolic nucleic acid sensing is currently unknown. Here we identify Nrf2 as an important negative regulator of STING and suggest a link between metabolic reprogramming and antiviral cytosolic DNA sensing in human cells. Here, Nrf2 activation decreases STING expression and responsiveness to STING agonists while increasing susceptibility to infection with DNA viruses. Mechanistically, Nrf2 regulates STING expression by decreasing STING mRNA stability. Repression of STING by Nrf2 occurs in metabolically reprogrammed cells following TLR4/7 engagement, and is inducible by a cell-permeable derivative of the TCA-cycle-derived metabolite itaconate (4-octyl-itaconate, 4-OI). Additionally, engagement of this pathway by 4-OI or the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane is sufficient to repress STING expression and type I IFN production in cells from patients with STING-dependent interferonopathies. We propose Nrf2 inducers as a future treatment option in STING-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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- Authors
- Olagnier, D., Brandtoft, A. M., Gunderstofte, C., Villadsen, N. L., Krapp, C., Thielke, A. L., Laustsen, A., Peri, S., Hansen, A. L., Bonefeld, L., Thyrsted, J., Bruun, V., Iversen, M. B., Lin, L., Artegoitia, V. M., Su, C., Yang, L., Lin, R., Balachandran, S., Luo, Y., Nyegaard, M., Marrero, B., Goldbach-Mansky, R., Motwani, M., Ryan, D. G., Fitzgerald, K. A., O’Neill, L. A., Hollensen, A. K., Damgaard, C. K., de Paoli, F. V., Bertram, H. C., Jakobsen, M. R., Poulsen, T. B., & Holm, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center (US)
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Olagnier, David
- Holm, Christian K.
- ORCID
- Olagnier, David
- Brandtoft, Aske M.
- Laustsen, Anders
- Peri, Suraj
- Hansen, Anne Louise
- Thyrsted, Jacob
- Iversen, Marie B.
- Lin, Lin
- Artegoitia, Virginia M.
- Yang, Long
- Lin, Rongtuan
- Balachandran, Siddharth
- Luo, Yonglun
- Nyegaard, Mette
- Motwani, Mona
- Ryan, Dylan G.
- Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
- Hollensen, Anne K.
- Damgaard, Christian K.
- Bertram, Hanne C.
- Jakobsen, Martin R.
- Poulsen, Thomas B.
- Holm, Christian K.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-08-29
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3506-3506
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6115435
- OpenAlex
- W2888230285
- Cited by
- 282
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 9.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Dagmar Marshalls Fond
- Aarhus Universitet
- Lundbeckfonden (R173–2014-1105), R238‐2016‐2708, R218-2016-605, R219‐2016‐1375)
- Augustinus Fonden
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF17OC0028804)
- Oda og Hans Svenningsens Fond
- Fabrikant Einar Willumsens Mindelegat
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- Nrf2, STING, cytosolic DNA sensing, metabolic reprogramming, itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate, sulforaphane, mRNA stability, type I interferon, interferonopathies, antiviral innate immunity, inflammatory diseases
- MeSH terms
- RAW 264.7 Cells, STING Protein, Animals, Cells, Cultured, DNA Viruses, Humans, Interferon Type I, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Membrane Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Succinates, Gene Expression, Cell Line, Tumor, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice
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