The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A high-throughput neutralizing antibody assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine evaluation
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Virus neutralization remains the gold standard for determining antibody efficacy. Therefore, a high-throughput assay to measure SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is urgently needed for COVID-19 serodiagnosis, convalescent plasma therapy, and vaccine development. Here, we report on a fluorescence-based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay that detects SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patient specimens and yields comparable results to plaque reduction neutralizing assay, the gold standard of serological testing. The fluorescence-based neutralization assay is specific to measure COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies without cross reacting with patient specimens with other viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections. Collectively, our approach offers a rapid platform that can be scaled to screen people for antibody protection from COVID-19, a key parameter necessary to safely reopen local communities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Together with recent reports of the preserved neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 with key S mutations found in the B.1.1.7 and the B.1.351lineage 39,40 , and neutralization of pseudovirus bearing the full set of mutations of B.1.1.7 S 41 , our data indicate broad BNT162b2-elicited immune recognition 2,13,14 .”
From BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific T cells in humans (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin
Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Zhu, Y., Li, B., Huang, C.-L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 · Cited by 21,969
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019
Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Jones, T. C., Vollmar, P., Rothe, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x · Cited by 6,661
Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma
Shen, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., Yang, Y., Li, J., Yuan, J., Wang, F., Li, D., Yang, M., Xing, L., et al. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4783 · Cited by 2,298
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans
Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Arunkumar, G. A., Jurczyszak, D., Polanco, J., et al. (2020) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-020-0913-5 · Cited by 1,769
Okba, N. M. A., Müller, M. A., Li, W., Wang, C., GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Corman, V. M., Lamers, M. M., Sikkema, R. S., de Bruin, E., Chandler, F. D., et al. (2020) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2607.200841 · Cited by 1,614
Mulligan, M. J., Lyke, K. E., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Neuzil, K., Raabe, V., Bailey, R., Swanson, K. A., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.06.30.20142570 · Cited by 1,569
Self-citationHuang, A. T., Garcia-Carreras, B., Hitchings, M. D. T., Yang, B., Katzelnick, L. C., Rattigan, S. M., Borgert, B. A., Moreno, C. A., Solomon, B. D., Trimmer-Smith, L., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18450-4 · Cited by 1,026
(2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.20065771 · Cited by 1,019
Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2
Nie, J., Li, Q., Wu, J., Zhao, C., Hao, H., Liu, H., Zhang, L., Nie, L., Qin, H., Wang, M., et al. (2020) · Emerging Microbes & Infections · doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1743767 · Cited by 711
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Mulligan, M. J. et al. Phase 1/2 study of a COVID-19 RNA vaccine candidate (BNT162b1) in adults. Nature (2020). In press. · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–319 of 319
Quadiri, A., Prakash, S., Zayou, L., Dhanushkodi, N. R., Chilukuri, A., Ryan, G., Wang, K., Vahed, H., & BenMohamed, L. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.10.05.616797
Chen, Y., Li, S., Hedrich, W. D., Wu, X., Li, S., Qiu, C., Lin, K., Bian, X., He, J., Zhou, H., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107439
Kamel, M. A., Shokeer, A., Hegazy, U. M., El-Hakim, A. E., Elsayed, O. E.-F. R., Barakat, A., Mohamed, A. F., Hamza, I. A., Fuentes, C., Pintó, R. M., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4213219/v2
Viral Mimetic Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles for Targeting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Ahn, G., Yoon, H.-W., Jeong, J. H., Kim, Y., Shin, W., Song, M., & Ahn, J. (2025) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s497742
Michaelis, S., Germann, A., Schäfer, M., Jungmann, J., Mildner, A., Riemann, I., Bast, S., Knoll, T., Wagner, S., Kottkamp, E., et al. (2025) · Applied Research · doi:10.1002/appl.70004
Olaniyan, M. F., Adeoye, F. A., Tijani, A. W., Ojediran, T. B., Ajiboye, K. F., Adeniran, M. T., Ugege, C. O., Adebo, D. O., Akpoyovwere, O. J., & Odegbemi, O. B. (2025) · Journal of Nature and Science of Medicine · doi:10.4103/jnsm.jnsm_97_24
YADAV, D., Kadam, N., Karuppayil, S. M., Vikharankar, M. S., Shaligram, U. S., & Jadhav, A. K. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · doi:10.22159/ijap.2025v17i2.52098
Prakash, S., Dhanushkodi, N. R., Quadiri, A., Vahed, H., Chentoufi, A. A., Coulon, P.-G. A., Ibraim, I. C., Babsiri, A. E., Tifrea, D. F., Figueroa, C. J., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7208748/v1
Basile, K., Agius, J. E., Fong, W., McPhie, K. A., Fennel, M., Ko, D., Heuston, L., Lam, C., Arnott, A., Chen, S. C.-A., et al. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v17091161 · Cited by 1
Dafalla, O. M., Alashor, A. A., Hussien, M. O., Noureldin, E., Ageep, T. B., Najmi, M. A., Mohamed, M. S., Hakami, A. A., Alrashedi, S. A., Bushlaibi, F. A., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7429013/v1
Dafalla, O. M., Alashor, A. A., Hussien, M. O., Noureldin, E., Ageep, T. B., Najmi, M. A., Mohamed, M. S., Hakami, A. A., Alrashedi, S. A., Bushlaibi, F. A., et al. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7886019/v1
Makela, M., Lin, Z., & Lin, P. T. (2025) · IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC) · doi:10.1109/nmdc64551.2025.11233993
Feroz, M. M., Kwon, S., Berman, K., Mantis, N. J., & Dordick, J. S. (2025) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.70143
Vogel, A. B., Lui, B. G., Tompkins, K. R., Kanevsky, I., Muik, A., Krumm, S. A., Güler, A., Maddur, M. S., Walzer, K. C., Witzel, S., et al. (2026) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-025-01365-w
Verlinden, J., Diebold, O., Nguyen, D., Boré, J. A., Vanmechelen, B., Laidlaw, S. M., Maes, P. C., & Carroll, M. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.02.06.26345727
Measuring Humoral Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Review of Serological Assays
Xue, H., Haynesworth, K., Hempel, H., Kemp, T. J., & Pinto, L. A. (2026) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines14050395
Ai, Q., Hu, H., Ma, K., Wang, Q., Huang, S., Lu, Y., Qi, N., Shang, J., Du, R., & Wang, S. (2026) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2026.05.017
Impedance-Based Analysis of Functional Immunoassays Using Cultured Cells
Michaelis, S., Grimm, A.-K., Erl, J., Schmauss, J., Friedrich, S., Naber, T., Anczykowski, B., & Wegener, J. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71782-0_25
Mukhametova, L. I., Eremin, S. A., & Tsakalof, A. K. (2026) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics16183050
Metadata
- Authors
- Muruato, A. E., Fontes-Garfias, C. R., Ren, P., Garcia-Blanco, M. A., Menachery, V. D., Xie, X., & Shi, P.-Y.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Xie, Xuping
- Shi, Pei-Yong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2020-08-13
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4059-4059
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7426916
- OpenAlex
- W3048799641
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 37
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-06-22)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- John S. Dunn Foundation
- Amon G. Carter Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, virus neutralization assay, fluorometric assay, COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine evaluation, convalescent plasma therapy, antibody cross-reactivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
