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Cited by 117Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein CondensatesQuantum Information and CryptographyQuantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture

Assembly and coherent control of a register of nuclear spin qubits

Open access
Barnes, Katrina, Battaglino, Peter, Bloom, Benjamin J., Cassella, Kayleigh, Coxe, Robin, Crisosto, Nicole, King, Jonathan P., Kondov, Stanimir S. +13 more·2022·Nature Communications
DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-29977-zPMC PMC9120523
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Abstract

The generation of a register of highly coherent, but independent, qubits is a prerequisite to performing universal quantum computation. Here we introduce a qubit encoded in two nuclear spin states of a single 87 Sr atom and demonstrate coherence approaching the minute-scale within an assembled register of individually-controlled qubits. While other systems have shown impressive coherence times through some combination of shielding, careful trapping, global operations, and dynamical decoupling, we achieve comparable coherence times while individually driving multiple qubits in parallel. We highlight that even with simultaneous manipulation of multiple qubits within the register, we observe coherence in excess of 10 5 times the current length of the operations, with$${T}_{2}^{{{{{\mathrm{echo}}}}}}=\left(40\pm 7\right)$$T2echo=40±7seconds. We anticipate that nuclear spin qubits will combine readily with the technical advances that have led to larger arrays of individually trapped neutral atoms and high-fidelity entangling operations, thus accelerating the realization of intermediate-scale quantum information processors.

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  • Nuclear spin decoherence times for neutral atom qubits are T1 5 s, T2 ∼ 40 s, and T2* 3 s.

    “T 1 5 s, T 2 ∼ 40 s, T * 2 3 s [23]”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results report an echo coherence time of T2^echo=(40±7) s, supporting the approximately 40 s figure specifically for an echo measurement. They do not report T1 as 5 s: depolarization is significantly slower than 10 s. They bound T2* as much greater than 3 s and estimate it at (21±7) s, rather than reporting a 3 s decoherence time. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Neutral atom quantum computers typically have around 100 qubits today, with around 1000 expected for 2024.

    “∼100 [20-23] (∼1000 for 2024 [44, 45])”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Results report that a larger array trapped over 100 atoms, but the computational register used in this study contained 21 qubits. This supports the approximate scale of neutral-atom arrays, not the claim that neutral-atom quantum computers typically have around 100 qubits. The separate 2024 projection is attached to other citations, not this source. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Trap lifetime for neutral atom quantum computers is 10-60 s today, and up to 6000 s with a cryostat.

    “10-60 s [22, 23, 29, 30] (up to 6000 s with cryostat [39])”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Methods (page unavailable) report a vacuum-limited atom lifetime of approximately 60 s for this experiment, supporting the upper end of the cited range. The paper does not establish 10–60 s as a general current range for neutral-atom quantum computers. The separately cited 6000 s cryogenic figure appears in the title of another work in its References, not as a measurement from this experiment. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Nuclear spin states can be employed as qubit states using atoms with an energy level structure such as Strontium.

    “Using atoms with an energy level structure such as Strontium, also nuclear spin states can be employed as qubit states.”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

  • Control of nuclear spin qubits is technically more challenging, involving additional magnetic fields and lasers to isolate the qubit transition.

    “On the other hand, the control of nuclear spin qubits is technically more challenging, involving additional magnetic fields and lasers to isolate the qubit transition [23].”

    From Neutral atom quantum computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective (2023) · cites this paper as [23]

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Authors
Barnes, K., Battaglino, P., Bloom, B. J., Cassella, K., Coxe, R., Crisosto, N., King, J. P., Kondov, S. S., Kotru, K., Larsen, S. C., Lauigan, J., Lester, B. J., McDonald, M., Megidish, E., Narayanaswami, S., Nishiguchi, C., Notermans, R., Peng, L. S., Ryou, A., Wu, T.-Y., & Yarwood, M.
Affiliations
Atom Computing (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
  • Bloom, Benjamin J.
  • Kotru, Krish
  • McDonald, Mickey
ORCID
Venue
Nature Communications
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-05-19
Volume
13
Issue
1
Pages
2779-2779
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41467-022-29977-z
PMC
PMC9120523
OpenAlex
W3189895774
Cited by
117
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 8
FWCI
10.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Science Foundation (1951188)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Information and Cryptography
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Keywords
nuclear spin qubits, trapped neutral atoms, qubit registers, coherence time, coherent control, quantum memory, quantum information processing

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