New roads and challenges for fuel cells in heavy-duty transportation

Cullen, David A.; Neyerlin, K. C.; Ahluwalia, Rajesh K.; Mukundan, Rangachary; More, Karren L.; Borup, Rodney L.; Weber, Adam Z.; Myers, Deborah J.; Kusoglu, Ahmet

doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00775-z

Cited by 1,277Fuel Cells and Related MaterialsElectric and Hybrid Vehicle TechnologiesHybrid Renewable Energy Systems

New roads and challenges for fuel cells in heavy-duty transportation

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Cullen, David A., Neyerlin, K. C., Ahluwalia, Rajesh K., Mukundan, Rangachary, More, Karren L., Borup, Rodney L., Weber, Adam Z., Myers, Deborah J. +1 more·2021·Nature Energy

DOI 10.1038/s41560-021-00775-z

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The anode Pt loading for the Mirai fuel cell is 0.05 mg Pt cm−2 while the cathode is up to 0.315 mg Pt cm−2.
“For example, the anode Pt loading for the Mirai fuel cell is only 0.05 mg Pt cm -2 while that for the cathode is up to 0.315 mg Pt cm -2 [19,20].”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
The “Current status of commercial MEAs” section (page unavailable) identifies Pt on the Toyota Mirai anode and Pt-Co on its cathode, with a combined Pt loading of approximately 0.4 mg/cm². Figure 7’s caption says it shows loadings by component, but our text copy does not give the claimed 0.05 and 0.315 mg/cm² values, so neither electrode-specific number can be verified. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Papadias, D., Ahluwalia, R.K., Connelly, E. & Devlin, P. Total Cost of Ownership Analysis for Hydrogen Fuel Cells in Maritime Applications: Preliminary Results (H2@Ports Workshop, 2019); https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/h2ports-workshop 24
Ahluwalia, R.K., Wang, X. & Peng, J.-K. Fuel Cell System Modeling and Analysis (Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program Annual Merit Review Proceedings, 2020); https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review20/fc017_ahluwalia_2020_o.pdf
Kusoglu, A. in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology (ed Robert A. Meyers) Ch. Chapter 1021-2, 1-23 (Springer New York, 2018).
James, B. Fuel Cell Systems Analysis (Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program Annual Merit Review Proceedings, 2020); https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review20/fc163_james_2020_o.pdf 100 How hydrogen empowers the energy transition (Hydrogen Council, 2017); https://hydrogencouncil.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hydrogen-Council-Vision- Document.pdf 101 US Department of Energy. Fuel Cell Truck Powertrain R&D Activities and Target Review Workshop (2018); https://www.energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/fuel-cell-truck-powertrain-rd- activities-and-target-review-workshop-h2-scale-end-use 102
Borup, R.L. & Weber, A.Z. FC-PAD: Fuel Cell Performance and Durability Consortium (Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program Annual Merit Review Proceedings, 2020); https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review20/fc135_borup_weber_2020_o.pdf 103
Borup, R.L. & Weber, A.Z. FC-PAD: Fuel Cell Performance and Durability Consortium (Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program Annual Merit Review Proceedings, 2019); https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/review19/fc135_borup_2019_o.pdf 107

Sorted by citations

PEM Fuel cell and electrolysis cell technologies and hydrogen infrastructure development – a review
Wang, Y., Pang, Y., Xu, H., Martinez, A. S., & Chen, K. S. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee00790h · Cited by 842 · see citing works
Oxygen Evolution/Reduction Reaction Catalysts: From In Situ Monitoring and Reaction Mechanisms to Rational Design
Zhao, Y., Saseendran, D. P. A., Huang, C., Triana, C. A., Marks, W. R., Chen, H., Zhao, H., & Patzke, G. R. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00515 · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Recent advancement and assessment of green hydrogen production technologies
Zainal, B. S., Ker, P. J., Mohamed, H., Ong, H. C., Fattah, I. M. R., Rahman, S. M. A., Nghiem, L. D., & Mahlia, T. M. I. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113941 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Atomically dispersed iron sites with a nitrogen–carbon coating as highly active and durable oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cells
Liu, S., Li, C., Zachman, M. J., Zeng, Y., Yu, H., Li, B., Wang, M., Braaten, J., Liu, J., Meyer, H. M., et al. (2022) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-022-01062-1 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Self-citation
Industrial decarbonization via hydrogen: A critical and systematic review of developments, socio-technical systems and policy options
Griffiths, S., Sovacool, B. K., Kim, J., Bazilian, M., & Uratani, J. M. (2021) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2021.102208 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers and fuel cells
Yang, Y., Li, P., Zheng, X., Sun, W., Dou, S. X., Ma, T., & Pan, H. (2022) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d2cs00038e · Cited by 585 · see citing works
Realistic roles for hydrogen in the future energy transition
Johnson, N., Liebreich, M., Kammen, D. M., Ekins, P., McKenna, R., & Staffell, I. (2025) · Nature Reviews Clean Technology · doi:10.1038/s44359-025-00050-4 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
2023 Critical Materials Strategy
Bauer, D., USDOE, Khazdozian, H., Mehta, J., Nguyen, R. T., Severson, M. H., Vaagensmith, B. C., Toba, A.-L., Zhang, B., Hossain, T., et al. (2023) · doi:10.2172/1998242 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
The fuel cell electric vehicles: The highlight review
Pramuanjaroenkij, A., & Kakaç, S. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.11.103 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Energy Conversion and Storage: Design Strategies Under and Beyond the Energy Scaling Relationship
Li, J. (2022) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-022-00857-x · Cited by 445 · see citing works
A Recent Comprehensive Review of Fuel Cells: History, Types, and Applications
Qasem, N. A. A., & Abdulrahman, G. A. Q. (2024) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1155/2024/7271748 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Bubble evolution and transport in PEM water electrolysis: Mechanism, impact, and management
Yuan, S., Zhao, C., Cai, X., An, L., Shen, S., Yan, X., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Progress in Energy and Combustion Science · doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2023.101075 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Single-Atom (Iron-Based) Catalysts: Synthesis and Applications
Singh, B., Gawande, M. B., Kute, A. D., Varma, R. S., Fornasiero, P., McNeice, P., Jagadeesh, R. V., Beller, M., & Zbořil, R. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00158 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Advancements in cathode catalyst and cathode layer design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Sun, Y., Polani, S., Luo, F., Ott, S., Strasser, P., & Dionigi, F. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25911-x · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Graphene-nanopocket-encaged PtCo nanocatalysts for highly durable fuel cell operation under demanding ultralow-Pt-loading conditions
Zhao, Z., Liu, Z., Zhang, A., Yan, X., Xue, W., Peng, B., Xin, H. L., Pan, X., Duan, X., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01170-9 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
The role of oxygen-permeable ionomer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells
Jinnouchi, R., Kudo, K., Kodama, K., Kitano, N., Suzuki, T., Minami, S., Shinozaki, K., Hasegawa, N., & Shinohara, A. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25301-3 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Branched Poly(Aryl Piperidinium) Membranes for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Wu, X., Chen, N., Klok, H., Lee, Y. M., & Hu, X. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202114892 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Grooved electrodes for high-power-density fuel cells
Lee, C., Kort-Kamp, W. J. M., Yu, H., Cullen, D. A., Patterson, B. M., Arman, T. A., Babu, S. K., Mukundan, R., Borup, R. L., & Spendelow, J. S. (2023) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-023-01263-2 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citation
Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly
Mo, S., Du, L., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Wu, P., Meng, L., Wang, N., Xing, L., Zhao, M., et al. (2023) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00190-w · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“For example, the anode Pt loading for the Mirai fuel cell is only 0.05 mg Pt cm −2 while that for the cathode is up to 0.315 mg Pt cm −2 [19, 20].”
Influential
Regulating Catalytic Properties and Thermal Stability of Pt and PtCo Intermetallic Fuel-Cell Catalysts via Strong Coupling Effects between Single-Metal Site-Rich Carbon and Pt
Zeng, Y., Liang, J., Li, C., Qiao, Z., Li, B., Hwang, S., Kariuki, N. N., Chang, C., Wang, M., Lyons, M. P., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c03345 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Self-citation
Techno-economic analysis of different shades of renewable and non-renewable energy-based hydrogen for fuel cell electric vehicles
Mohideen, M. M., Balachandran, S., Sun, J., Ge, J., Guo, H., Radhamani, A. V., Ramakrishna, S., & Liu, Y. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113153 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Porous Flow Field for Next-Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Materials, Characterization, Design, and Challenges
Zhang, G., Qu, Z., Tao, W., Wang, X., Wu, L., Wu, S., Xie, X. L., Tongsh, C., Huo, W., Bao, Z., et al. (2022) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00539 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Future Directions of Intelligent Vehicles: Potentials, Possibilities, and Perspectives
Cao, D., Wang, X., Li, L., Lv, C., Na, X., Xing, Y., Li, X., Li, Y., Chen, Y., & Wang, F. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles · doi:10.1109/tiv.2022.3157049 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Future of Hydrogen as an Alternative Fuel for Next-Generation Industrial Applications; Challenges and Expected Opportunities
Qazi, U. Y. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15134741 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Recent advancements in metal oxides for energy storage materials: Design, classification, and electrodes configuration of supercapacitor
Shaheen, I., Hussain, I., Zahra, T., Javed, M. S., Shah, S. S. A., Khan, K., Hanif, M. B., Assiri, M. A., Said, Z., Arifeen, W. U., et al. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108719 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Power-to-hydrogen and hydrogen-to-X energy systems for the industry of the future in Europe
Genovese, M., Schlüter, A., Scionti, E., Piraino, F., Corigliano, O., & Fragiacomo, P. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.194 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Intermetallic Nanocrystals for Fuel-Cells-Based Electrocatalysis
Lin, F., Li, M., Zeng, L., Luo, M., & Guo, S. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00382 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Towards ultralow platinum loading proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Fan, L., Deng, H., Zhang, Y., Du, Q., Leung, D. Y. C., Wang, Y., & Jiao, K. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee03169h · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Differences in the Electrochemical Performance of Pt-Based Catalysts Used for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells in Liquid Half- and Full-Cells
Ahn, C., Park, J. E., Kim, S., Kim, O., Hwang, W., Her, M., Kang, S. Y., Park, S., Kwon, O. J., Park, H. S., et al. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01337 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Oxygen- and proton-transporting open framework ionomer for medium-temperature fuel cells
Yang, J., Xu, H., Li, J., Gong, K., Yue, F., Han, X., Wu, K., Shao, P., Fu, Q., Zhu, Y., et al. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adq2259 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Fluorinated Poly(aryl piperidinium) Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Wu, X., Chen, N., Hu, C., Klok, H., Lee, Y. M., & Hu, X. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202210432 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Covalent organic frameworks towards photocatalytic applications: Design principles, achievements, and opportunities
Liu, S., Wang, M., He, Y., Cheng, Q., Qian, T., & Yan, C. (2023) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214882 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Hydrogen fuel cell heavy-duty trucks: Review of main research topics
Camacho, M. D. L. N., Jurburg, D., & Tanco, M. (2022) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.271 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Advanced Pt-Based Core–Shell Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Cathodes
Zhao, X., & Sasaki, K. (2022) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00057 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Metal hydrides for hydrogen storage – Identification and evaluation of stationary and transportation applications
Drawer, C., Lange, J., & Kaltschmitt, M. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109988 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Energy management strategies, control systems, and artificial intelligence-based algorithms development for hydrogen fuel cell-powered vehicles: A review
Oladosu, T. L., Pasupuleti, J., Kiong, T. S., Koh, S. P., & Yusaf, T. F. (2024) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.284 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Powering the hydrogen future: current status and challenges of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Hyun, J., & Kim, H. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d3ee01768k · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Protonated phosphonic acid electrodes for high power heavy-duty vehicle fuel cells
Lim, K. H., Lee, A. S., Atanasov, V., Kerres, J., Park, E. J., Adhikari, S., Maurya, S., Manriquez, L. D., Jung, J., Fujimoto, C., et al. (2022) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00971-x · Cited by 196 · see citing works
A recent overview of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Fundamentals, applications, and advances
Qasem, N. A. A. (2024) · Applied Thermal Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.123746 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Metal bond strength regulation enables large-scale synthesis of intermetallic nanocrystals for practical fuel cells
(2024) · doi:10.1038/s41563-024-01901-4 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Fuel cell stack redesign and component integration radically increase power density
Tongsh, C., Wu, S., Jiao, K., Huo, W., Du, Q., Park, J. W., Xuan, J., Wang, H., Brandon, N. P., & Guiver, M. D. (2023) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.12.003 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Main degradation mechanisms of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks – Mechanisms, influencing factors, consequences, and mitigation strategies
Wallnöfer‐Ogris, E., Poimer, F., Köll, R., Macherhammer, M., & Trattner, A. (2023) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.06.215 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Challenges and opportunities in decarbonizing the U.S. energy system
Arent, D. J., Green, P., Abdullah, Z., Barnes, T. M., Bauers, S. R., Bernstein, A., Berry, D., Berry, J., Burrell, T., Carpenter, B., et al. (2022) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112939 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Developing long-durability proton-exchange membrane fuel cells
Zhang, F., Zu, B., Wang, B., Qin, Z., Yao, J., Wang, Z., Fan, L., & Jiao, K. (2025) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2025.101853 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Multiple Metal–Nitrogen Bonds Synergistically Boosting the Activity and Durability of High-Entropy Alloy Electrocatalysts
Zhao, X., Cheng, H., Chen, X., Zhang, Q., Li, C., Xie, J., Marinković, N., Ma, L., Zheng, J., & Sasaki, K. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c08177 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Introducing Electron Buffers into Intermetallic Pt Alloys against Surface Polarization for High-Performing Fuel Cells
Liu, X., Wang, Y., Liang, J., Li, S., Zhang, S., Su, D., Cai, Z., Huang, Y., Elbaz, L., & Li, Q. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c10681 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Role of Transition Metals in Pt Alloy Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Lim, C., Fairhurst, A. R., Ransom, B. J., Haering, D., & Stamenković, V. R. (2023) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.3c03321 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Essential role of lattice oxygen in hydrogen sensing reaction
Li, J., Si, W., Shi, L., Gao, R., Li, Q., An, W., Zhao, Z., Zhang, L., Bai, N., Zou, X., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47078-x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Activity versus stability of atomically dispersed transition-metal electrocatalysts
Wu, G., & Zelenay, P. (2024) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-024-00703-z · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Well-Defined Co 2 Dual-Atom Catalyst Breaks Scaling Relations of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Sun, Q., Yue, X., Yu, L., Li, F., Zheng, Y., Liu, M.-T., Peng, J., Hu, X., Chen, H. M., Li, L., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c12705 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
PGM-Free Oxygen-Reduction Catalyst Development for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Challenges, Solutions, and Promises
He, Y., & Wu, G. (2022) · Accounts of Materials Research · doi:10.1021/accountsmr.1c00226 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Solar Hydrogen
Li, Z., Fang, S., Sun, H., Chung, R., Fang, X., & He, J. (2023) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202203019 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Boosting Oxygen Reduction via Integrated Construction and Synergistic Catalysis of Porous Platinum Alloy and Defective Graphitic Carbon
Huang, L., Su, Y., Qi, R., Dang, D., Qin, Y., Xi, S., Zaman, S., You, B., Ding, S., & Xia, B. Y. (2021) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202111426 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Application progress of small-scale proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Wang, Z., Liu, Z., Fan, L., Du, Q., & Jiao, K. (2023) · Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.enrev.2023.100017 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Greenhouse gas life cycle analysis of China's fuel cell medium- and heavy-duty trucks under segmented usage scenarios and vehicle types
Ren, L., Zhou, S., Peng, T., & Ou, X. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123628 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ionomer-free and recyclable porous-transport electrode for high-performing proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis
Lee, J. K., Anderson, G. C., Tricker, A. W., Babbe, F., Madan, A., Cullen, D. A., Arregui-Mena, J. D., Danilovic, N., Mukundan, R., Weber, A. Z., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40375-x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citation
A comprehensive review on metal hydrides-based hydrogen storage systems for mobile applications
Scarpati, G., Frasci, E., Ilio, G. D., & Jannelli, E. (2024) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2024.113934 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Multi-scale physics of bipolar membranes in electrochemical processes
Bui, J. C., Lees, E. W., Marin, D. H., Stovall, T. N., Chen, L., Kusoglu, A., Nielander, A. C., Jaramillo, T. F., Boettcher, S. W., Bell, A. T., et al. (2024) · Nature Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1038/s44286-023-00009-x · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citation
N ‐Methylquinuclidinium‐Based Anion Exchange Membrane with Ultrahigh Alkaline Stability
Zeng, M., He, X., Wen, J., Zhang, G., Zhang, H., Feng, H., Qian, Y. X., & Li, M. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202306675 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Advanced Electrode Structures for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Current Status and Path Forward
Yang, G., Lee, C., Qiao, X., Babu, S. K., Martinez, U., & Spendelow, J. S. (2024) · Electrochemical Energy Reviews · doi:10.1007/s41918-023-00208-3 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Fully Hydrocarbon Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers: An Engineering Perspective
Nguyen, H., Klose, C., Metzler, L., Vierrath, S., & Breitwieser, M. (2022) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202103559 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The role of hydrogen as enabler of industrial port area decarbonization
Pivetta, D., Dall’Armi, C., Sandrin, P., Bogar, M., & Taccani, R. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113912 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Embedded oxide clusters stabilize sub-2 nm Pt nanoparticles for highly durable fuel cells
Peng, B., Liu, Z., Sementa, L., Jia, Q., Sun, Q., Segre, C. U., Liu, E., Xu, M., Tsai, Y.-H. J., Yan, X., et al. (2024) · Nature Catalysis · doi:10.1038/s41929-024-01180-x · Cited by 131 · see citing works
A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions
Pardhi, S., Chakraborty, S., Tran, D.-D., Baghdadi, M. E., Wilkins, S., & Hegazy, O. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15249557 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Design and operating principles for high-performing anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers
Tricker, A. W., Lee, J. K., Shin, J. R., Danilovic, N., Weber, A. Z., & Peng, X. (2023) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2023.232967 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citation
Unraveling the core of fuel cell performance: engineering the ionomer/catalyst interface
Li, C., Kang, Y., Bird, A., Guo, F., Ilavský, J., Liu, Y., Cullen, D. A., Kusoglu, A., Weber, A. Z., Ferreira, P. J., et al. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee03553g · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rapidly declining costs of truck batteries and fuel cells enable large-scale road freight electrification
Link, S., Stephan, A., Speth, D., & Plötz, P. (2024) · Nature Energy · doi:10.1038/s41560-024-01531-9 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Insight perspective on the synthesis and morphological role of the noble and non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst in fuel cell application
Mishra, K., Devi, N., Siwal, S. S., & Thakur, V. K. (2023) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2023.122820 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Ultrahigh N-doped carbon with hierarchical porous structure derived from metal-organic framework for high-performance zinc ion hybrid capacitors
Jia, D., Shen, Z., Zhou, W., Li, Y., He, J., Jiang, L., Wei, Y., & He, X. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.149820 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
A Review on Industrial Perspectives and Challenges on Material, Manufacturing, Design and Development of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks for the Transportation Sector
Alves, M. P., Gul, W., Cimini, C. A., & Ha, S. K. (2022) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en15145152 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The transition to sustainable combustion: Hydrogen- and carbon-based future fuels and methods for dealing with their challenges
Pitsch, H. G. (2024) · Proceedings of the Combustion Institute · doi:10.1016/j.proci.2024.105638 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Antisite defect unleashes catalytic potential in high-entropy intermetallics for oxygen reduction reaction
Chen, T., Zhang, X., Wang, H., Yuan, C., Zuo, Y., Gao, C. C., Xiao, W., Yu, Y., Cai, J., Luo, T., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58679-5 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A review on flow field design for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Challenges to increase the active area for MW applications
da Rocha, C. F. A. P., Knöri, T., Ribeirinha, P., & Gazdzicki, P. (2024) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.114198 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Unveiling Mechanically Driven Catalytic Processes: Beyond Piezocatalysis to Synergetic Effects
Jiang, Y., Liang, J., Zhuo, F., Ma, H., Mofarah, S. S., Sorrell, C. C., Wang, D., & Koshy, P. (2025) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5c02660 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Pathway toward cost-effective green hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer
Liu, H., Clausen, L. R., Wang, L., & Chen, M. (2023) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d3ee00232b · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Ionic liquids: environmentally sustainable materials for energy conversion and storage applications
Choudhary, G., Dhariwal, J., Saha, M., Trivedi, S., Banjare, M. K., Kanaoujiya, R., & Behera, K. (2023) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-023-25468-w · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Machine learning assisted design of FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloys with ultra-low hydrogen diffusion coefficients
Zhou, X., Zhu, J., Wu, Y., Yang, X., Lookman, T., & Wu, H. (2021) · Acta Materialia · doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2021.117535 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Policy design for green hydrogen
Farrell, N. (2023) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113216 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Microstructure and bionic engineering of triphase reaction interface for zinc-air batteries
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Self-citation

Authors: Cullen, D. A., Neyerlin, K. C., Ahluwalia, R. K., Mukundan, R., More, K. L., Borup, R. L., Weber, A. Z., Myers, D. J., & Kusoglu, A.
Affiliations: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US)
National Laboratory of the Rockies (US)
Argonne National Laboratory (US)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (US)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Kusoglu, Ahmet
ORCID: Cullen, David A.
Neyerlin, K. C.
Ahluwalia, Rajesh K.
Mukundan, Rangachary
More, Karren L.
Borup, Rodney L.
Weber, Adam Z.
Myers, Deborah J.
Kusoglu, Ahmet
Venue: Nature Energy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-03-25
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Pages: 462-474
ISSN: 2058-7546 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00775-z
OpenAlex: W3137258066
Cited by: 1,277
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 246 · 2025: 348 · 2024: 255 · 2023: 256 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 37
FWCI: 50.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.osti.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Energy (publishedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Fuel Cell Technologies Office (DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-AC36-08GO28308, DE-AC02-06CH11357, 89233218CNA000001, DE-AC02-05CH11231)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
Keywords: proton exchange membrane fuel cells, heavy vehicles, hydrogen economy, fuel cell durability, fuel cell materials, fuel cell powertrain, long-haul trucks, buses, locomotives, marine fuel cells, fuel cell system design, hydrogen infrastructure

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