Advances in the development of personalized neoantigen-based therapeutic cancer vaccines
Open accessAbstract
Within the past decade, the field of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers with the development and regulatory approval of various immune-checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in diverse indications. Another promising approach to cancer immunotherapy involves the use of personalized vaccines designed to trigger de novo T cell responses against neoantigens, which are highly specific to tumours of individual patients, in order to amplify and broaden the endogenous repertoire of tumour-specific T cells. Results from initial clinical studies of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines, enabled by the availability of rapid and cost-effective sequencing and bioinformatics technologies, have demonstrated robust tumour-specific immunogenicity and preliminary evidence of antitumour activity in patients with melanoma and other cancers. Herein, we provide an overview of the complex process that is necessary to generate a personalized neoantigen vaccine, review the types of vaccine-induced T cells that are found within tumours and outline strategies to enhance the T cell responses. In addition, we discuss the current status of clinical studies testing personalized neoantigen vaccines in patients with cancer and considerations for future clinical investigation of this novel, individualized approach to immunotherapy.
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- Authors
- Blass, E., & Ott, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ott, Patrick A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2021-01-20
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 215-229
- ISSN
- 1759-4774 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4782
- PMC
- PMC7816749
- OpenAlex
- W3124720941
- Cited by
- 1,042
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 157 · 2025: 229 · 2024: 196 · 2023: 202 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 75
- FWCI
- 17.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Melanoma Research Alliance
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA229261)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- personalized cancer vaccines, neoantigens, tumor-specific T cells, cancer immunotherapy, vaccine production, vaccine-induced T cell responses, melanoma, tumor immunogenicity
- MeSH terms
- Antigens, Neoplasm, Combined Modality Therapy, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Cancer Vaccines, History, 21st Century, Precision Medicine
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