Cited by 392Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchDialysis and Renal Disease ManagementNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

Mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD

Open access
Viggiano, Davide, Wagner, Carsten A., Martino, Gianvito, Nedergaard, Maiken, Zoccali, Carmine, Unwin, Robert, Capasso, Giovambattista·2020·Nature Reviews Nephrology

Abstract

Cognitive impairment is an increasingly recognized major cause of chronic disability and is commonly found in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Knowledge of the relationship between kidney dysfunction and impaired cognition may improve our understanding of other forms of cognitive dysfunction. Patients with CKD are at an increased risk (compared with the general population) of both dementia and its prodrome, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which are characterized by deficits in executive functions, memory and attention. Brain imaging in patients with CKD has revealed damage to white matter in the prefrontal cortex and, in animal models, in the subcortical monoaminergic and cholinergic systems, accompanied by widespread macrovascular and microvascular damage. Unfortunately, current interventions that target cardiovascular risk factors (such as anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-platelet agents and statins) seem to have little or no effect on CKD-associated MCI, suggesting that the accumulation of uraemic neurotoxins may be more important than disturbed haemodynamic factors or lipid metabolism in MCI pathogenesis. Experimental models show that the brain monoaminergic system is susceptible to uraemic neurotoxins and that this system is responsible for the altered sleep pattern commonly observed in patients with CKD. Neural progenitor cells and the glymphatic system, which are important in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, may also be involved in CKD-associated MCI. More detailed study of CKD-associated MCI is needed to fully understand its clinical relevance, underlying pathophysiology, possible means of early diagnosis and prevention, and whether there may be novel approaches and potential therapies with wider application to this and other forms of cognitive decline.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41581-020-0266-9

Cites

253 of 253 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Renal insufficiency leads to increased levels of circulating uraemic neurotoxins such as parathyroid hormone and neuropeptide Y, which adversely affect hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, respectively.

    “In addition, renal insufficiency also leads to increased levels of circulating uraemic neurotoxins such as parathyroid hormone and neuropeptide Y, which adversely affect hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the permeability of the BBB, respectively.257”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Simões E Silva, A. C., Miranda, A. S., Rocha, N. P. & Teixeira, A. L. Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front. Pharmacol. 10, 932 (2019).

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Viggiano, D., Wagner, C. A., Martino, G., Nedergaard, M., Zoccali, C., Unwin, R., & Capasso, G.
Affiliations
  • University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
  • University of Rochester Medicine (US)
  • National Research Council (IT)
  • AstraZeneca (United Kingdom) (GB)
Corresponding author
Capasso, Giovambattista
Venue
Nature Reviews Nephrology
Published
2020-03-31
Volume
16
Issue
8
Pages
452-469
ISSN
  • 1745-8323 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5061
  • 1759-507X
OpenAlex
W3015186969
Cited by
392
References
253
Citations by year
2026: 60 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 10
FWCI
6.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Nephrology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi del Molise (submittedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
  • Lundbeckfonden (R155-2016–552)
  • Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF13OC0004258)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
chronic kidney disease, cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, monoaminergic systems, cholinergic system, white matter injury, prefrontal cortex, sleep disorders, glymphatic system, neural progenitor cells, microvascular damage, executive function, attention and memory
MeSH terms
Glymphatic System, Animals, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Hemodynamics, Humans, Risk Factors, Sleep Wake Disorders, Uremia, Renal Replacement Therapy, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Lipid Metabolism, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Leukoencephalopathies, Neural Stem Cells, Cognitive Dysfunction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review