The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The microbiota regulate neuronal function and fear extinction learning
Open accessAbstract
Multicellular organisms have co-evolved with complex consortia of viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, collectively referred to as the microbiota 1. In mammals, changes in the composition of the microbiota can influence many physiologic processes (including development, metabolism and immune cell function) and are associated with susceptibility to multiple diseases 2. Alterations in the microbiota can also modulate host behaviours-such as social activity, stress, and anxiety-related responses-that are linked to diverse neuropsychiatric disorders 3. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota influence neuronal activity and host behaviour remain poorly defined. Here we show that manipulation of the microbiota in antibiotic-treated or germ-free adult mice results in significant deficits in fear extinction learning. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the medial prefrontal cortex of the brain revealed significant alterations in gene expression in excitatory neurons, glia and other cell types. Transcranial two-photon imaging showed that deficits in extinction learning after manipulation of the microbiota in adult mice were associated with defective learning-related remodelling of postsynaptic dendritic spines and reduced activity in cue-encoding neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, selective re-establishment of the microbiota revealed a limited neonatal developmental window in which microbiota-derived signals can restore normal extinction learning in adulthood. Finally, unbiased metabolomic analysis identified four metabolites that were significantly downregulated in germ-free mice and have been reported to be related to neuropsychiatric disorders in humans and mouse models, suggesting that microbiota-derived compounds may directly affect brain function and behaviour. Together, these data indicate that fear extinction learning requires microbiota-derived signals both during early postnatal neurodevelopment and in adult mice, with implications for our understanding of how diet, infection, and lifestyle influence brain health and subsequent susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Without a complex microbiota, both types of mice exhibited altered fear-associated behavior, changes in gene expression in brain cells, and alterations in the firing patterns and rewiring ability of neurons.”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [385]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In 2019, Artis D.’s group showed that SPF mice treated with a cocktail of broad-spectrum antibiotics, GF mice, GF mice recolonized after weaning age with a simple microbiota or a complex microbiota, have defects in fear extinction learning, compared to SPF mice or GF mice colonized with SPF flora at the time of birth (29).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Selective colonization revealed a critical developmental period, indicating that microbiota-derived signals were required during early post-natal and adult life for normal learning.”
From Signalling cognition: The gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (2023) · cites this paper as [385]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, a relevant contribution of gut microbiota is not only restricted to neuroinflammatory and psychiatric disorders (23–32) but also to brain development (13).”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“The researchers showed that the microbiota-mediated changes in synapse formation and fear extinction behavior were not the results of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis but of the reduced level of potential neuroactive metabolites (phenyl sulfate, pyrocatechol sulfate, 3-(3-sulfooxyphenyl)propanoic acid, and indoxyl sulfate) in the cerebrospinal fluid, serum and in fecal samples of GF mice”
From The gut-brain axis: how microbiota and host inflammasome influence brain physiology and pathology (2020) · cites this paper as [29]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Love, M. I., Huber, W., & Anders, S. (2014) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0550-8 · Cited by 95,106
STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner
Dobin, A., Davis, C. A., Schlesinger, F., Drenkow, J., Zaleski, C., Jha, S., Batut, P., Chaisson, M., & Gingeras, T. R. (2013) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bts635 · Cited by 51,709
KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
Kanehisa, M. (2000) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/28.1.27 · Cited by 37,077
KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
Ogata, H., Goto, S., Sato, K., Fujibuchi, W., Bono, H., & Kanehisa, M. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.1.29 · Cited by 31,232
phyloseq: An R Package for Reproducible Interactive Analysis and Graphics of Microbiome Census Data
McMurdie, P. J., & Holmes, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061217 · Cited by 21,942
Fast unfolding of communities in large networks
Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., & Lefebvre, E. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment · doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/p10008 · Cited by 21,424
Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST
Edgar, R. C. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq461 · Cited by 21,098
A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance
Anderson, M. J. (2001) · Austral Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2001.01070.pp.x · Cited by 13,828
UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection
McInnes, L., Healy, J., Saul, N., & Großberger, L. (2018) · Journal of Open Source Software · doi:10.21105/joss.00861 · Cited by 9,826
SCANPY: large-scale single-cell gene expression data analysis
Wolf, F. A., Angerer, P., & Theis, F. J. (2018) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1382-0 · Cited by 8,881
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 421
The human gut microbiota is neither an organ nor a commensal
Riccio, P., & Rossano, R. (2020) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.13946 · Cited by 59
Cheon, S. Y., & Song, J. (2022) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-022-00836-0 · Cited by 58
Gut microbiota suppress feeding induced by palatable foods
Ousey, J. A., Boktor, J. C., & Mazmanian, S. K. (2022) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.066 · Cited by 60
Gentile, F., Doneddu, P. E., Riva, N., Nobile‐Orazio, E., & Quattrini, A. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21207471 · Cited by 58
Çalışkan, G., French, T., Lacalle, S. E., del Ángel, M., Steffen, J., Heimesaat, M. M., Dunay, I. R., & Stork, O. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.10.007 · Cited by 58
The gut microbiota of environmentally enriched mice regulates visual cortical plasticity
Lupori, L., Cornuti, S., Mazziotti, R. M., Borghi, E., Ottaviano, E., Dei, M., Sagona, G., Pizzorusso, T., & Tognini, P. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110212 · Cited by 52
Laudani, S., Torrisi, S. A., Alboni, S., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., Benatti, C., Rivi, V., Moloney, R. D., Fuochi, V., Furneri, P. M., Drago, F., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.11.004 · Cited by 53
Developmental Signatures of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in the Mouse Brain
Swann, J. R., Spitzer, S. O., & Heijtz, R. D. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo10050172 · Cited by 56
Eshraghi, R. S., Davies, C., Iyengar, R., Perez, L., Mittal, R., & Eshraghi, A. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10010027 · Cited by 58
Neuroimmune interactions in peripheral tissues
Klose, C. S. N., & Veiga‐Fernandes, H. (2021) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.202048812 · Cited by 55
Freimer, D., Yang, T. T., Ho, T. C., Tymofiyeva, O., & Leung, C. Y. (2022) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100541 · Cited by 60
Osman, A., Mervosh, N. L., Strat, A. N., Euston, T. J., Zipursky, G., Pollak, R. M., Meckel, K. R., Tyler, S. R., Chan, K. L., Grice, A. B., et al. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.020 · Cited by 49
Mikami, Y., Tsunoda, J., Kiyohara, H., Taniki, N., Teratani, T., & Kanai∥, T. (2021) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxab039 · Cited by 50
Role of the microbiome in oral cancer occurrence, progression and therapy
Li, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105638 · Cited by 51
Metformin Mitigates Sepsis-Related Neuroinflammation via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites
Zhao, H., Lyu, Y., Zhai, R., Sun, G., & Ding, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.797312 · Cited by 48
Decoding the neurocircuitry of gut feelings: Region-specific microbiome-mediated brain alterations
Sharvin, B. L., Aburto, M. R., & Cryan, J. F. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106033 · Cited by 51
Amyloidosis inhibition, a new frontier of the protein corona
Chen, P., Ding, F., Cai, R., Javed, I., Yang, W. L., Zhang, Z., Li, Y., Davis, T. P., Ke, P. C., & Chen, C. (2020) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100937 · Cited by 47
Lista, S., Munafò, A., Caraci, F., Imbimbo, C., Emanuele, E., Minoretti, P., Pinto-Fraga, J., Merino-País, M., Crespo‐Escobar, P., López‐Ortiz, S., et al. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102659 · Cited by 50
Cheatham, C. L., Nieman, D. C., Neilson, A. P., & Lila, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.833202 · Cited by 45
Hashim, H. M., & Makpol, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.1007166 · Cited by 47
Fetal and early postnatal lead exposure measured in teeth associates with infant gut microbiota
Sitarik, A. R., Arora, M., Austin, C. E., Bielak, L. F., Eggers, S. I., Johnson, C. C., Lynch, S. V., Park, S. K., Wu, K.-H., Yong, G. J. M., et al. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106062 · Cited by 43
Wu, J.-T., Sun, C.-L., Lai, T.-T., Liou, C.-W., Lin, Y.-Y., Xue, J.-Y., Wang, H.-W., Chai, L. M. X., Lee, Y.-J., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109140 · Cited by 42
Effects of chronic triclosan exposure on social behaviors in adult mice
Hao, Y., Li, M. C., Zhang, Y., Chen, A., Zhao, Y., Lian, K., Guo, X., Wang, X., Du, Y., Wang, X., et al. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127562 · Cited by 41
The body keeps the score: The neurobiological profile of traumatized adolescents
Laricchiuta, D., Panuccio, A., Picerni, E., Biondo, D., Genovesi, B., & Petrosini, L. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105033 · Cited by 51
Vaher, K., Bogaert, D., Richardson, H., & Boardman, J. P. (2022) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2022.101038 · Cited by 44
Homer, B., Judd, J., Dehcheshmeh, M. M., Ebrahimie, E., & Trott, D. J. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13091458 · Cited by 39
Dalile, B., Fuchs, A., Torre, D. L., Vervliet, B., Oudenhove, L. V., & Verbeke, K. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110939 · Cited by 37
Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Children
Borrego-Ruiz, A., & Borrego, J. J. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070796 · Cited by 42
Modulation of gut health using probiotics: the role of probiotic effector molecules
Gao, X., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., & Zhai, Q. (2022) · Journal of Future Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jfutfo.2022.03.011 · Cited by 43
What are the principles that govern life?
Gómez‐Márquez, J. (2020) · Communicative & Integrative Biology · doi:10.1080/19420889.2020.1803591 · Cited by 39
Yin, C., Zhang, M., Jin, S., Zhou, Y., Ding, L., Lv, Q., Huang, Z., Zhou, J., Chen, J., Wang, P., et al. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155725 · Cited by 42
Gut microbiome effects on neuronal excitability & activity: Implications for epilepsy
Darch, H., & McCafferty, C. P. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105629 · Cited by 37
Early life high fructose impairs microglial phagocytosis and neurodevelopment
Wang, Z., Lipshutz, A. B., de la Torre, C. M., Trzeciak, A. J., Liu, Z.-L., Miranda, I. C., Lazarov, T., Codo, A. C., Romero-Pichardo, J. E., Nair, A., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09098-5 · Cited by 48
Parker, E. S., Newton, I. L. G., & Moczek, A. P. (2020) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-020-01514-9 · Cited by 37
Li, W., Chen, M., Feng, X., Song, M., Shao, M., Yang, Y., Zhang, L., Liu, Q., Lv, L., & Su, X. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2133 · Cited by 42
Vicentini, F., Szamosi, J. C., Rossi, L., Griffin, L., Nieves, K., Bihan, D. G., Lewis, I. A., Pittman, Q. J., Swain, M. G., Surette, M. G., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.001 · Cited by 38
Air Pollution: Possible Interaction between the Immune and Nervous System?
Serafini, M. M., Maddalon, A., Iulini, M., & Galbiati, V. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192316037 · Cited by 40
Yu, S., Yin, Z., Ling, M., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Pan, Y., Zhang, Y., Cai, X., Chen, Z., Hao, H., et al. (2024) · Phytomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156186 · Cited by 38
Ketogenic diet inhibits glioma progression by promoting gut microbiota-derived butyrate production
Chen, M., He, Y., Dong, X., Liu, H.-F., Yan, Z., Lu, X.-L., Miao, Q.-Q., Zhao, Q., Zhang, H., Luo, L., et al. (2025) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.09.002 · Cited by 37
Alterations of brain endocannabinoidome signaling in germ-free mice
Manca, C., Shen, M., Boubertakh, B., Martin, C., Flamand, N., Silvestri, C., & Marzo, V. D. (2020) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158786 · Cited by 35
Liu, J., Jin, Y., Li, H., Yu, J., Gong, T., Gao, X., & Sun, J. (2020) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06332 · Cited by 37
Memory Trace for Fear Extinction: Fragile yet Reinforceable
Liu, Y., Ye, S., Li, X.-N., & Li, W. (2023) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-023-01129-3 · Cited by 35
Gut microbiome in neuroendocrine and neuroimmune interactions: The case of genistein
Guo, T. L., Chen, Y., Xu, H. S., McDonough, C. M., & Huang, G. (2020) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.115130 · Cited by 35
Meckel, K. R., Simpson, S., Godino, A., Peck, E. G., Sens, J. P., Leonard, M. Z., George, O., Calipari, E. S., Hofford, R. S., & Kiraly, D. D. (2023) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-023-01661-w · Cited by 35
Hiergeist, A., Gessner, J., & Gessner, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00623 · Cited by 34
Tendilla‐Beltrán, H., Sanchez-Islas, N. D. C., Marina-Ramos, M., Leza, J. C., & Flores, G. (2020) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101967 · Cited by 36
Phenotypic correlates of the working dog microbiome
Craddock, H. A., Godneva, A., Rothschild, D., Motro, Y., Grinstein, D., Michaeli, Y., Narkiss, T., Segal, E., & Moran‐Gilad, J. (2022) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/s41522-022-00329-5 · Cited by 33
Leyrolle, Q., Decoeur, F., Brière, G., Amadieu, C., Quadros, A. R. A. D. A., Voytyuk, I., Lacabanne, C., Benmamar‐Badel, A., Bourel, J., Aubert, A., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00793-7 · Cited by 36
Vogel, S. C., Brito, N. H., & Callaghan, B. L. (2020) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01186-9 · Cited by 32
A fault detection algorithm for pipeline insulation layer based on immune neural network
Yu, X. Y., & Tian, X. (2022) · International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping · doi:10.1016/j.ijpvp.2022.104611 · Cited by 35
Afroz, K. F., Reyes, N., Young, K., Parikh, K., Misra, V., & Alviña, K. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87678-x · Cited by 32
Sankowski, R., Ahmari, J., Mezö, C., Hrabě de Angelis, A. L., Fuchs, V., Utermöhlen, O., Buch, T., Blank, T., Gomez de Agüero, M., Macpherson, A. J., et al. (2021) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.15252/embj.2021108605 · Cited by 32
Chen, L., Huang, S., Yang, C., Wu, F., Zheng, Q., He, Y., Yan, J., Luo, Y., & Galaj, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.686845 · Cited by 31
Ni, S., Yao, Z., Wei, X., Heng, X., Qu, S., Zhao, X., Qi, Y., Ge, P., Xu, C., Yang, N., et al. (2022) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.7490 · Cited by 30
Maeng, L. Y., & Beumer, A. (2023) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.05.350 · Cited by 31
Zhang, Y.-D., Shi, D., Liao, B.-B., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Gao, J., Lin, L., & Wang, Z. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02424-9 · Cited by 31
From microbes to mind: germ-free models in neuropsychiatric research
Delgado‐Ocaña, S., & Cuesta, S. (2024) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02075-24 · Cited by 38
Comprehensive characterization of metabolic consumption and production by the human brain
Wang, Y., Zhou, L., Wang, N., Qiu, B., Yao, D., Yu, J., He, M., Li, T., Xie, Y., Yu, X., et al. (2025) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.03.003 · Cited by 33
Psychedelic control of neuroimmune interactions governing fear
Chung, E. N., Lee, J., Polonio, C. M., Choi, J., Akl, C. F., Kilian, M., Weiß, W. M., Gunner, G., Ye, M., Heo, T. H., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-08880-9 · Cited by 39
Paroxetine Administration Affects Microbiota and Bile Acid Levels in Mice
Dethloff, F., Vargas, F., Elijah, E. O., Quinn, R. A., Park, D. I., Herzog, D. P., Müller, M. B., Gentry, E. C., Knight, R. D., González, A., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00518 · Cited by 30
Chen, X.-D., Zhao, J., Yang, X., Zhou, B., Yan, Z., Liu, W.-F., Li, C., & Liu, K. (2021) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-021-02444-4 · Cited by 30
The gut-immune-brain axis in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders
Park, J. C., & Im, S. (2022) · Microbiome Research Reports · doi:10.20517/mrr.2022.11 · Cited by 34
The Gut–Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis
Bugă, A. M., Pădureanu, V., Riza, A., Oancea, C. N., Albu, C. V., & Nica, A. D. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12141872 · Cited by 31
Psychiatric Comorbidities of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: It Is a Matter of Microglia’s Gut Feeling
Fakhfouri, G., Mijailović, N. R., & Rahimian, R. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13020177 · Cited by 31
Gut microbiota: Candidates for a novel strategy for ameliorating sleep disorders
Li, L., Liang, T., Jiang, T., Li, Y., Yang, L., Wu, L., Yang, J., Ding, Y., Wang, J., Chen, M., et al. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2228409 · Cited by 31
Long-lasting effects of postweaning sodium butyrate exposure on social behaviors in adult mice
Zhao, P., Li, M. C., Dou, M., Mao, J., Zhang, G., Zheng, M., Yin, X., Tao, Z., Gong, M., Song, L., et al. (2020) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.014 · Cited by 27
Stamboulian, M. H., Li, S., & Ye, Y. (2021) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-021-01035-8 · Cited by 28
Lucerne, K. E., Osman, A., Meckel, K. R., & Kiraly, D. D. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108598 · Cited by 27
Neuroimmune interactions: The bridge between inflammatory bowel disease and the gut microbiota
Zhai, J., Li, Y., Liu, J., & Dai, C. (2025) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.70329 · Cited by 31
The role of commensal microflora-induced T cell responses in glaucoma neurodegeneration
Tang, J., Tang, Y., Yi, I., & Chen, D. F. (2020) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.06.002 · Cited by 28
Jakob, M. O., Kofoed-Branzk, M., Deshpande, D., Murugan, S., & Klose, C. S. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.679055 · Cited by 28
Yadav, S. K., Ahmad, R., Moshfegh, C. M., Sankarasubramanian, J., Joshi, V., Elkhatib, S. K., Chhonker, Y. S., Murry, D. J., Talmon, G. A., Guda, C., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.03.005 · Cited by 27
Gut microbiota from mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury affects the brain in healthy mice
Wang, H., Ren, S., Lv, H., & Cao, L. (2021) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.202763 · Cited by 27
A multispecies probiotic accelerates fear extinction and inhibits relapse in mice: Role of microglia
Cui, X., Zhou, S., Xia, G., Chen, J., Jiang, L., Huang, J., & Tong, J. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108613 · Cited by 25
Sgro, M., Kodila, Z. N., Brady, R. D., Reichelt, A. C., Mychasiuk, R., & Yamakawa, G. R. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab268 · Cited by 25
The microbiota-gut-brain axis in pathogenesis of depression: A narrative review
Yao, H., Zhang, D., Yu, H., Shen, H., Liu, H., Meng, F., Wu, X., Zhang, G., & Wang, X. (2022) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114056 · Cited by 32
Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury
Celorrio, M., Shumilov, K., & Friess, S. H. (2023) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.379014 · Cited by 25
Ten-Blanco, M., Flores, Á., Pereda-Pérez, I., Piscitelli, F., Izquierdo-Luengo, C., Cristino, L., Romero, J., Hillard, C. J., Maldonado, R. J., Marzo, V. D., et al. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112925 · Cited by 29
Local Protein Translation and RNA Processing of Synaptic Proteins in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Joo, Y., & Benavides, D. R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22062811 · Cited by 28
Drobyshevsky, A., Synowiec, S., Goussakov, I. V., Fabres, R. B., Lu, J. N., & Caplan, M. S. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2333808 · Cited by 25
Peripheral Routes to Neurodegeneration: Passing Through the Blood–Brain Barrier
Giannoni, P., Claeysen, S., Noè, F. M., & Marchi, N. (2020) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2020.00003 · Cited by 25
A Healthy Gut for a Healthy Brain: Preclinical, Clinical and Regulatory Aspects
Petrella, C., Vecchioli, S. F., Cisale, G. Y., Strimpakos, G., Borg, J.-J., Ceccanti, M., Fiore, M., Monteleone, G., & Nisticò, R. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200730111528 · Cited by 24
Wang, H., Wang, Q., Chen, J., & Chen, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.859727 · Cited by 26
Epigenetic Alterations of Brain Non-Neuronal Cells in Major Mental Diseases
Abdolmaleky, H. M., Martin, M., Zhou, J., & Thiagalingam, S. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14040896 · Cited by 23
Hofford, R. S., Meckel, K. R., Wiser, E. J., Wang, W., Sens, J. P., Kim, M., Godino, A., Lam, T. T., & Kiraly, D. D. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0388-23.2023 · Cited by 28
Stress-induced red nucleus attenuation induces anxiety-like behavior and lymph node CCL5 secretion
Shi, D., Zhang, Y.-D., Zhang, S., Liao, B.-B., Chu, M., Su, S., Zhuo, K., Hu, H., Zhang, C., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42814-1 · Cited by 22
The Interplay of Nutrition, the Gut Microbiota and Immunity and Its Contribution to Human Disease
Dawson, S. L., Todd, E., & Ward, A. C. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13020329 · Cited by 26
Callaghan, B. L. (2020) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.07.011 · Cited by 26
Jia, X., Chen, Q., Zhang, Y., & Asakawa, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713 · Cited by 22
Gut microbes regulate neurons to help mice forget their fear
Kiraly, D. D. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03114-1 · Cited by 22
Becetti, I., Bwenyi, E. L., de Araújo, I. E., Ard, J. D., Cryan, J. F., Farooqi, I. S., Ferrario, C. R., Gluck, M. E., Holsen, L. M., Kenny, P. J., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.003 · Cited by 26
Zhang, S. Q., Wang, X., Liu, S., Hu, C. Y., & Meng, Y. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.09.008 · Cited by 24
Chen, Q., Lu, X., Guo, X., Xu, M., & Tang, Z. (2021) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-021-02934-6 · Cited by 22
He, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, F., & Shi, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.849372 · Cited by 21
Promises and limits of an agency perspective in evolutionary developmental biology
Nadolski, E. M., & Moczek, A. P. (2023) · Evolution & Development · doi:10.1111/ede.12432 · Cited by 22
Correlation of gut microbiota and neurotransmitters in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder
Zhou, Q., Sun, T., Wu, F., Li, F., Liu, Y., Li, W., Dai, N., Tan, L., Li, T., & Song, Y. (2020) · Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.10.005 · Cited by 22
Zhang, X., Hou, Z., Xu, B., Xie, C., Wang, Z., Yu, X., Wu, D., Yan, X., & Dai, Q. (2020) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.544097 · Cited by 21
The Interaction among Microbiota, Epigenetic Regulation, and Air Pollutants in Disease Prevention
Pulliero, A., Traversi, D., Franchitti, E., Barchitta, M., Izzotti, A., & Agodi, A. (2021) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12010014 · Cited by 22
Impact of probiotics on cognition and constipation in the elderly: A meta-analysis
Recharla, N., Choi, J., Puligundla, P., Park, S., & Lee, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18306 · Cited by 21
Roussin, L., Gry, E., Macaron, M., Ribes, S., Monnoye, M., Douard, V., Naudon, L., & Rabot, S. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400334r · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Chu, C., Murdock, M. H., Jing, D., Won, T. H., Chung, H., Kressel, A. M., Tsaava, T., Addorisio, M. E., Putzel, G. G., Zhou, L., Bessman, N. J., Yang, R., Moriyama, S., Parkhurst, C. N., Li, A., Meyer, H. C., Teng, F., Chavan, S. S., Tracey, K. J., Regev, A., Schroeder, F. C., Lee, F. S., Liston, C., & Artis, D.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Northwell Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Liston, Conor
- Artis, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2019-10-23
- Volume
- 574
- Issue
- 7779
- Pages
- 543-548
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6818753
- OpenAlex
- W2981552290
- Cited by
- 421
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 77 · 2021: 64 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 30.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH109685, R01MH118451)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35GM118182, R01GM132672)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI095466, R21AI142213, R01AI102942, R01AI151599, F32AI124517, P01AI102852, R01AI074878, U01AI095608)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK126871)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052819)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, fear extinction learning, germ-free mice, antibiotic-treated mice, medial prefrontal cortex, neuroplasticity, single-nucleus RNA sequencing, metabolomics, neuropsychiatric disorders, anxiety-like behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Autistic Disorder, Blood, Calcium, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Cues, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Feces, Germ-Free Life, Indican, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neural Inhibition, Neuroglia, Neurons, Phenylpropionates, Schizophrenia, Vagus Nerve, Prefrontal Cortex, Dendritic Spines, Mice, Metabolomics, Transcriptome, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
