An engineered PET depolymerase to break down and recycle plastic bottles
Open accessAbstract
Present estimates suggest that of the 359 million tons of plastics produced annually worldwide 1, 150-200 million tons accumulate in landfill or in the natural environment 2. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most abundant polyester plastic, with almost 70 million tons manufactured annually worldwide for use in textiles and packaging 3. The main recycling process for PET, via thermomechanical means, results in a loss of mechanical properties 4. Consequently, de novo synthesis is preferred and PET waste continues to accumulate. With a high ratio of aromatic terephthalate units-which reduce chain mobility-PET is a polyester that is extremely difficult to hydrolyse 5. Several PET hydrolase enzymes have been reported, but show limited productivity 6,7. Here we describe an improved PET hydrolase that ultimately achieves, over 10 hours, a minimum of 90 per cent PET depolymerization into monomers, with a productivity of 16.7 grams of terephthalate per litre per hour (200 grams per kilogram of PET suspension, with an enzyme concentration of 3 milligrams per gram of PET). This highly efficient, optimized enzyme outperforms all PET hydrolases reported so far, including an enzyme 8,9 from the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis strain 201-F6 (even assisted by a secondary enzyme 10) and related improved variants 11-14 that have attracted recent interest. We also show that biologically recycled PET exhibiting the same properties as petrochemical PET can be produced from enzymatically depolymerized PET waste, before being processed into bottles, thereby contributing towards the concept of a circular PET economy.
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The pathway of PET degradation catalysed by specific cutinases in Ideonella sakaiensis is well known and has been further optimised for industrial recycling applications.
“The pathway of PET degradation catalysed by specic cutinases (esterhydrolysing enzymes) in the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis is well known 120 and has been further optimised for industrial recycling applications.121”
From The fate of plastic in the ocean environment – a minireview (2021) · cites this paper as [121]
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- Authors
- Tournier, V., Topham, C. M., Gilles, A., David, B., Folgoas, C., Moya-Leclair, E., Kamionka, E., Desrousseaux, M.-L., Texier, H., Gavalda, S., Cot, M., Guémard, E., Dalibey, M., Nomme, J., Cioci, G., Barbe, S., Chateau, M., André, I., Duquesne, S., & Marty, A.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse (FR)
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2020-04-08
- Volume
- 580
- Issue
- 7802
- Pages
- 216-219
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W3015207233
- Cited by
- 2,176
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 390 · 2025: 487 · 2024: 423 · 2023: 324 · 2022: 261 · 2021: 224 · 2020: 66
- FWCI
- 56.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.inrae.fr
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Keywords
- enzymatic depolymerization, polyethylene terephthalate, plastic recycling, plastic waste, biodegradable plastics, circular economy, plastic bottles, enzyme engineering
- MeSH terms
- Burkholderiales, Thermobifida, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, Disulfides, Enzyme Stability, Fusarium, Hydrolases, Models, Molecular, Phthalic Acids, Plastics, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Protein Engineering, Actinobacteria, Enzyme Assays, Polymerization, Recycling
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