Cited by 176Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyGenetic and phenotypic traits in livestockIntergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies

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Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias

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Young, Alexander I., Frigge, Michael L., Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Sulem, Patrick, Masson, Gisli, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Stefansson, Kari, Kong, Augustine·2018·Nature Genetics

DOI 10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9PMC PMC6130754

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Abstract

Heritability measures the proportion of trait variation that is due to genetic inheritance. Measurement of heritability is important in the nature-versus-nurture debate. However, existing estimates of heritability may be biased by environmental effects. Here, we introduce relatedness disequilibrium regression (RDR), a novel method for estimating heritability. RDR avoids most sources of environmental bias by exploiting variation in relatedness due to random Mendelian segregation. We used a sample of 54,888 Icelanders who had both parents genotyped to estimate the heritability of 14 traits, including height (55.4%, s.e. 4.4%) and educational attainment (17.0%, s.e. 9.4%). Our results suggest that some other estimates of heritability may be inflated by environmental effects.

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Yengo, L., Liang, Y., 23andMe Research Team, Wang, X., Granka, J. M., Evans, D. M., Sidorenko, J., & Visscher, P. M. (2026) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02599-x

Authors: Young, A. I., Frigge, M. L., Gudbjartsson, D. F., Thorleifsson, G., Bjornsdottir, G., Sulem, P., Masson, G., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Stefansson, K., & Kong, A.
Affiliations: deCODE Genetics (Iceland) (IS)
Corresponding author: Young, Alexander I.
Kong, Augustine
ORCID: Young, Alexander I.
Frigge, Michael L.
Gudbjartsson, Daniel F.
Sulem, Patrick
Kong, Augustine
Venue: Nature Genetics
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-08-13
Volume: 50
Issue: 9
Pages: 1304-1310
ISSN: 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
1546-1718
DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0178-9
PMC: PMC6130754
OpenAlex: W2886507777
Cited by: 173
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 9.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust (099670/Z/12/Z, 099670)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies
Keywords: heritability estimation, environmental bias, Mendelian segregation, genetic relatedness, nature versus nurture, height, educational attainment, genetic epidemiology
MeSH terms: Environment, Genotype, Humans, Iceland, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Genetic Variation, Linkage Disequilibrium, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Gene-Environment Interaction

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Relatedness disequilibrium regression estimates heritability without environmental bias

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