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Confirmation bias in the utilization of others’ opinion strength
Abstract
Humans tend to discount information that undermines past choices and judgments. This confirmation bias has significant impact on domains ranging from politics to science and education. Little is known about the mechanisms underlying this fundamental characteristic of belief formation. Here we report a mechanism underlying the confirmation bias. Specifically, we provide evidence for a failure to use the strength of others' disconfirming opinions to alter confidence in judgments, but adequate use when opinions are confirmatory. This bias is related to reduced neural sensitivity to the strength of others' opinions in the posterior medial prefrontal cortex when opinions are disconfirming. Our results demonstrate that existing judgments alter the neural representation of information strength, leaving the individual less likely to alter opinions in the face of disagreement.
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“It is also because subjects who are highly confident about their political beliefs are more likely to be able to convince other people of them too (Kappes et al. 2020).”
From What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias? (2022) · cites this paper as Kappes et al. 2020
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“Since the latter are shaping social reality via their impact on behavior and are more effective in doing so the more convinced people are about them (Kappes et al. 2020)”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kappes, A., Harvey, A. H., Lohrenz, T., Montague, P. R., & Sharot, T.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Museum of Science and Industry (US)
- Virginia Tech (US)
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kappes, Andreas
- Sharot, Tali
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-12-16
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 130-137
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- OpenAlex
- W2994999940
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 10
- FWCI
- 15.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- City Research Online (City University London) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (Principal Research Fellowship)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- confirmation bias, belief updating, confidence in judgments, belief formation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attitude, Female, Humans, Judgment, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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