Gut-seeded α-synuclein fibrils promote gut dysfunction and brain pathology specifically in aged mice
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson’s disease is a synucleinopathy that is characterized by motor dysfunction, death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates. Evidence suggests that α-Syn aggregation can originate in peripheral tissues and progress to the brain via autonomic fibers. We tested this by inoculating the duodenal wall of mice with α-Syn preformed fibrils. Following inoculation, we observed gastrointestinal deficits and physiological changes to the enteric nervous system. Using the AAV-PHP.S capsid to target the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase for peripheral gene transfer, we found that α-Syn pathology is reduced due to the increased expression of this protein. Lastly, inoculation of α-Syn fibrils in aged mice, but not younger mice, resulted in progression of α-Syn histopathology to the midbrain and subsequent motor defects. Our results characterize peripheral synucleinopathy in prodromal Parkinson’s disease and explore cellular mechanisms for the gut-to-brain progression of α-Syn pathology. Alpha-synuclein fibrils can disrupt the enteric nervous system, which is mitigated by peripheral GBA1 gene transfer via systemic AAVs. Aging increases susceptibility to α-synuclein pathology progression from the gut to the brain.
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There is evidence for α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation being promoted by an inflammatory microenvironment that subsequently induces an immune response and further inflammation to create a vicious and disease-promoting positive feedback loop.
“There is evidence for α-synuclein misfolding and aggregation being promoted by an inflammatory microenvironment that subsequently induces an immune response and further inflammation to create a vicious and disease-promoting positive feedback loop [118–120].”
From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [119]
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“Challis et al. (2020) refined this model by demonstrating that α -syn fibrils seeded in the gut promote brain pathology specifically in aged mice, highlighting the intersection of aging, intestinal dysbiosis, and neurodegeneration [111].”
- Authors
- Challis, C., Hori, A., Sampson, T. R., Yoo, B. B., Challis, R. C., Hamilton, A. M., Mazmanian, S. K., Volpicelli-Daley, L. A., & Gradinaru, V.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gradinaru, Viviana
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Neuroscience
- Published
- 2020-02-17
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 327-336
- ISSN
- 1097-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1726
- PMC
- PMC7065967
- OpenAlex
- W3006261429
- Semantic Scholar
- d51522161687f31ac50bcb8368e10cbc8d8f14ac
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 32
- FWCI
- 26.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Larry L. Hillblom Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- Heritage Medical Research Institute
- National Institutes of Health (IDP20D017782, IDP20D017782-01)
- Center for Environmental Microbial Interactions, California Institute of Technology
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG047664, F32AG054101)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007616)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50NS108675, R01NS102257, DP2NS087949, U01NS090577, R01NS085910)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Lysosomal Storage Disorders Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, alpha-synuclein, synucleinopathies, enteric nervous system, glucocerebrosidase, aging, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, motor impairment, prodromal Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Synucleinopathies, Animals, Brain, Digestive System Diseases, Duodenum, Glucosylceramidase, Mesencephalon, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Movement Disorders, Nerve Fibers, Nodose Ganglion, Enteric Nervous System, Mice, Nociception
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