IL-15 Promotes Human Myogenesis and Mitigates the Detrimental Effects of TNFα on Myotube Development
Open accessAbstract
Studies in murine cell lines and in mouse models suggest that IL-15 promotes myogenesis and may protect against the inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy which occurs in sarcopenia and cachexia. The effects of IL-15 on human skeletal muscle growth and development remain largely uncharacterised. Myogenic cultures were isolated from the skeletal muscle of young and elderly subjects. Myoblasts were differentiated for 8 d, with or without the addition of recombinant cytokines (rIL-15, rTNFα) and an IL-15 receptor neutralising antibody. Although myotubes were 19% thinner in cultures derived from elderly subjects, rIL-15 increased the thickness of myotubes (MTT) from both age groups to a similar extent. Neutralisation of the high-affinity IL-15 receptor binding subunit, IL-15rα in elderly myotubes confirmed that autocrine concentrations of IL-15 also support myogenesis. Co-incubation of differentiating myoblasts with rIL-15 and rTNFα, limited the reduction in MTT and nuclear fusion index (NFI) associated with rTNFα stimulation alone. IL-15rα neutralisation and rTNFα decreased MTT and NFI further. This, coupled with our observation that myotubes secrete IL-15 in response to TNFα stimulation supports the notion that IL-15 serves to mitigate inflammatory skeletal muscle loss. IL-15 may be an effective therapeutic target for the attenuation of inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy.
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In vitro, IL-15 has an anabolic effect by inducing myosin chain synthesis in myotubes, notably in response to TNF-α stimulation.
“In vitro, IL-15 has an anabolic effect by inducing myosin chain synthesis in myotubes [52], notably in response to TNF-α stimulation [53].”
From Main Pathogenic Mechanisms and Recent Advances in COPD Peripheral Skeletal Muscle Wasting (2023) · cites this paper as [53]
The Results section reports that IL-15 increased myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein content and that co-treatment with IL-15 partially reversed TNFα-associated myotube thinning. It does not show that IL-15 induced MHC synthesis specifically in response to TNFα; total muscle protein synthesis did not increase significantly. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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- Authors
- O’Leary, M. F., Wallace, G. R., Bennett, A. J., Tsintzas, K., & Jones, S. W.
- Affiliations
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- University of Nottingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tsintzas, Kostas
- Jones, Simon W.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-10-11
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12997-12997
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5636823
- OpenAlex
- W2762734331
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 1.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Medical Research Council (MR/K00414X/1, MR/P021220/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- IL-15, myogenesis, TNF-α, skeletal muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia, IL-15 receptor alpha, inflammation, aging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Cell Differentiation, Cells, Cultured, Female, Humans, Male, Recombinant Proteins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Interleukin-15, Muscle Development, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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