Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.

Evans, W. J.; Lexell, J.

doi:10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11

Cited by 1,308Muscle Physiology and DisordersNutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutrition

Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.

Evans, W. J., Lexell, J.·1995·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

DOI 10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11

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Abstract

To assess the age-related loss of muscle mass and to determine the mechanisms behind this aging atrophy, the muscle structure and fiber type composition have been estimated, using invasive and noninvasive techniques. Limb muscles from older men and women are 25-35% smaller and have significantly more fat and connective tissue than limb muscles from younger individuals. Comparisons of muscle biopsies from younger and older individuals reveal that type 2 (fast-twitch) fibers are smaller in the old, while the size of type 1 (slow-twitch) fibers is much less affected. Studies of whole muscle cross sections also show a significantly smaller number of muscle fibers, a significantly lower relative type 2 fiber area, and a significant increase in fiber type grouping with increasing age. These results indicate a gradual decrease in size/volume with advancing age, accompanied by a replacement by fat and connective tissue. This aging atrophy seems to be due to a reduction in both number and size of muscle fibers, mainly of type 2, and is to some extent caused by a slowly progressive neurogenic process.

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Six RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Most studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning.
“Most of the studies (14 of 20 [70%]) enrolled community-living older adults who were well functioning, and 6 RCTs recruited older adults with low to moderate functioning.30,33,39,50,51”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
There is a preferential loss of type 2 muscle fibers with aging.
“Furthermore, there is a preferential loss of type 2 fibers with aging.57”
From Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [57]

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Authors: Evans, W. J., & Lexell, J.
Affiliations: Skåne University Hospital (SE)
ORCID: Evans, W. J.
Lexell, J.
Venue: The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1995-11-01
Volume: 50A
Issue: Special
Pages: 11-16
ISSN: 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
1758-535X
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/50a.special_issue.11
OpenAlex: W1992873212
Cited by: 1,308
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 60 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 57 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 2.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords: human aging, muscle atrophy, muscle mass, muscle fiber composition, fast-twitch fibers, type I muscle fibers, fiber diameter, fiber number, neurogenic atrophy, limb muscles, muscle biopsy
MeSH terms: Adipose Tissue, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Composition, Connective Tissue, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Muscular Atrophy, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch

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Human aging, muscle mass, and fiber type composition.

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