A smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: Identifying the effectiveness of intervention components in a factorial randomised control trial
Open accessAbstract
Our aim was to evaluate intervention components of an alcohol reduction app: Drink Less. Excessive drinkers (AUDIT>=8) were recruited to test enhanced versus minimal (reduced functionality) versions of five app modules in a 25 factorial trial. Modules were: Self-monitoring and Feedback, Action Planning, Identity Change, Normative Feedback, and Cognitive Bias Re-training. Outcome measures were: change in weekly alcohol consumption (primary); full AUDIT score, app usage, app usability (secondary). Main effects and two-way interactions were assessed by ANOVA using intention-to-treat. A total of 672 study participants were included. There were no significant main effects of the intervention modules on change in weekly alcohol consumption or AUDIT score. There were two-way interactions between enhanced Normative Feedback and Cognitive Bias Re-training on weekly alcohol consumption (F = 4.68, p = 0.03) and between enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback and Action Planning on AUDIT score (F = 5.82, p = 0.02). Enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback was used significantly more often and rated significantly more positively for helpfulness, satisfaction and recommendation to others than the minimal version. To conclude, in an evaluation of the Drink Less smartphone application, the combination of enhanced Normative Feedback and Cognitive Bias Re-training and enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback and Action Planning yielded improvements in alcohol-related outcomes after 4-weeks.
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A study using smartphone apps for treating eating disorder symptoms found a standard self-monitoring app led to significant improvements in outcomes.
“For example, a study using smartphone apps for treating eating disorder symptoms found a standard self-monitoring app led to significant improvements in outcomes (87).”
From Digital Therapeutic Alliance With Fully Automated Mental Health Smartphone Apps: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [87]
The Discussion identifies this as a trial of an alcohol-reduction app, not an app for eating disorder symptoms. The Results > Outcomes section reports no significant main effect of the Self-monitoring and Feedback module on AUDIT score; a significant improvement appeared only in its interaction with Action Planning. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOne study of an app for reducing alcohol consumption found that the feedback function was highly rated by clients.
“For example, one study of an app for reducing alcohol consumption found that the feedback function was highly rated by clients (87).”
From Digital Therapeutic Alliance With Fully Automated Mental Health Smartphone Apps: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [87]
The Discussion reports that participants given the enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback module rated the app more positively for helpfulness, recommendation and satisfaction than those given the minimal version. The study measured ratings of the app, not ratings of the feedback function itself, and reports a relative improvement rather than establishing that the function was highly rated. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFor substance-related and addictive disorders, one RCT found improvements in alcohol outcomes for the participants.
“For substance-related and addictive disorders, we found one RCT; the study found improvements in alcohol outcomes for the participants [106].”
From Smartphone Apps for the Treatment of Mental Disorders: Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [106]
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- Authors
- Crane, D., Garnett, C., Michie, S., West, R., & Brown, J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Crane, David
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2018-03-12
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4384-4384
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5847600
- OpenAlex
- W2789617414
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 5
- FWCI
- 10.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-04-27)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- United Kingdom Clinical Research Collaboration
- Cancer Research UK ((C1417/A22962), C1417, 22962, A22962)
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (C1417/A22962)
- British Heart Foundation
- Medical Research Council (MR/K023195/1, C1417/A22962)
- Economic and Social Research Council
- School for Public Health Research (C1417/A22962)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- excessive alcohol consumption, mobile application, alcohol reduction interventions, action planning, personal transformation, normative feedback, auditing, app usability, app usage
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Self-Management, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Feedback, Female, Humans, Male, Teaching, Bias, Mobile Applications
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