The influence of the respiratory cycle on reaction times in sensory-cognitive paradigms
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Abstract
Behavioural and electrophysiological studies point to an apparent influence of the state of respiration, i.e., whether we inhale or exhale, on brain activity and cognitive performance. Still, the prevalence and relevance of such respiratory-behavioural relations in typical sensory-cognitive tasks remain unclear. We here used a battery of six tasks probing sensory detection, discrimination and short-term memory to address the questions of whether and by how much behaviour covaries with the respiratory cycle. Our results show that participants tend to align their respiratory cycle to the experimental paradigm, in that they tend to inhale around stimulus presentation and exhale when submitting their responses. Furthermore, their reaction times, but not so much their response accuracy, consistently and significantly covary with the respiratory cycle, differing between inhalation and exhalation. This effect is strongest when analysed contingent on the respiratory state around participants’ responses. The respective effect sizes of these respiration-behaviour relations are comparable to those seen in other typical experimental manipulations in sensory-cognitive tasks, highlighting the relevance of these effects. Overall, our results support a prominent relation between respiration and sensory-cognitive function and show that sensation is intricately linked to rhythmic bodily or interoceptive functions.
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Reaction times in various auditory and visual tasks vary along the respiratory cycle.
“Reaction times in various auditory and visual tasks vary along the respiratory cycle 145 .”
From Interoceptive rhythms in the brain (2023) · cites this paper as [145]
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- Authors
- Johannknecht, M., & Kayser, C.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Bielefeld University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kayser, Christoph
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2022-02-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2586-2586
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8850565
- OpenAlex
- W4220780205
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 9.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Publikationen an der Universität Bielefeld (Universität Bielefeld) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Universität Bielefeld
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- respiratory cycle, respiration, reaction time, inhalation and exhalation, sensory detection, sensory discrimination, short-term memory, interoception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Inhalation, Brain, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Sensation, Exhalation, Young Adult, Respiratory Rate
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