Responses to Heartbeats in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Contribute to Subjective Preference-Based Decisions
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Abstract
Abstract Forrest Gump or Matrix? Preference-based decisions are subjective and entail self-reflection. However, these self-related features are unaccounted for by known neural mechanisms of valuation and choice. Self-related processes have been linked to a basic interoceptive biological mechanism, the neural monitoring of heartbeats, in particular in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a region also involved in value encoding. We thus hypothesized a functional coupling between the neural monitoring of heartbeats and the precision of value encoding in vmPFC. Human participants were presented with pairs of movie titles. They indicated either which movie they preferred, or performed a control objective visual discrimination that did not require self-reflection. Using magnetoencephalography, we measured heartbeat-evoked responses (HERs) before option presentation, and confirmed that HERs in vmPFC were larger when preparing to the subjective, self-related task. We retrieved the expected cortical value network during choice with time-resolved statistical modeling. Crucially, we show that larger HERs before option presentation are followed by stronger value encoding during choice in vmPFC. This effect is independent of the overall vmPFC baseline activity. The neural interaction between HERs and value encoding predicted preference-based choice consistency over time, accounting for both inter-individual differences and trial-to-trial fluctuations within individuals. Neither cardiac activity nor arousal fluctuations could account for any of the effects. HERs did not interact with the encoding of perceptual evidence in the discrimination task. Our results show that the self-reflection underlying preference-based decisions involves the integration of HERs to subjective value encoding in vmPFC, and that this integration contributes to preference stability. Significance statement Deciding whether you prefer Forrest Gump or Matrix is based on subjective values, which only you, the decision-maker, can estimate and compare, by asking yourself. Yet, how self-reflection is biologically implemented and its contribution to subjective valuation are not known. We show that in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the neural response to heartbeats, an interoceptive self-related process, influences the cortical representation of subjective value. The neural interaction between the cortical monitoring of heartbeats and value encoding predicts choice consistency, i.e. whether you consistently prefer Forrest Gump over Matrix over time. Our results pave the way for the quantification of self-related process in decision making and may shed new light on the relationship between maladaptive decisions and impaired interoception.
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In humans, HERs are observed in somatosensory cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate/ventral precuneus, insula and frontal operculum, as well as (mostly right) parietal lobule and extrastriate visual cortices.
“In humans HERs are observed (Figure 3) in somatosensory cortex 49,59,82,83 , ventromedial prefrontal cortex 33,83-85 and posterior cingulate/ventral precuneus 59,84-87 , insula and frontal operculum 85,88-91 , as well as (mostly right) parietal lobule 33,59,83 and extrastriate visual cortices 91 .”
From Interoceptive rhythms in the brain (2023) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Azzalini, D., Buot, A., Palminteri, S., & Tallon-Baudry, C.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Azzalini, Damiano
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2021-04-29
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 5102-5114
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC8197644
- OpenAlex
- W3158054178
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (ANR-17-EURE-0017)
- European Commission (HORIZON2020)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-17-EURE-, ANR-17-EURE-0017, ANR-17)
- H2020 European Research Council (670325)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- heart rate monitoring, interoception, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, preference-based decision making, self-reflection, decision consistency, individual differences, trial-to-trial variability, value-based choice, magnetoencephalography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Decision Making, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Magnetoencephalography, Prefrontal Cortex, Interoception
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