Human infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells show immunomodulatory exosomal signatures
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Abstract
Within the human knee infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) and synovium, resident synoviocytes and macrophages contribute to the onset and progression of inflammatory joint diseases. Our hypothesis is that IFP-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IFP-MSC) robust immunomodulatory therapeutic effects are largely exerted via their exosomal (IFP-MSC EXOs) secretome by attenuating synoviocytes and macrophages pro-inflammatory activation. IFP-MSC EXOs showed distinct miRNA and protein immunomodulatory profiles. Reactome analysis of 24 miRNAs highly present in exosomes showed their involvement in the regulation of six gene groups, including immune system. Exosomes were enriched for immunomodulatory and reparative proteins that are involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation, response to stimulus, signal transduction, signal receptor activity, and protein phosphorylation. Stimulated synoviocytes or macrophages exposed to IFP-MSC EXOs demonstrated significantly reduced proliferation, altered inflammation-related molecular profiles, and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules compared to stimulated alone. In an acute synovial/IFP inflammation rat model, IFP-MSC EXOs therapeutic treatment resulted in robust macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory therapeutic M2 phenotype within the synovium/IFP tissues. Based on these findings, we propose a viable cell-free alternative to MSC-based therapeutics as an alternative approach to treating synovitis and IFP fibrosis.
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In an acute inflammation/fibrosis rat model, infrapatellar fat-pad-derived MSC extracellular vesicle therapeutic treatment caused polarization of macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.
“This was also demonstrated in an acute inflammation/fibrosis rat model where the infrapatellar fat-pad-derived (IFP) MSC EVs’ therapeutic treatment caused a polarization of the macrophages towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype [35].”
From Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kouroupis, D., Kaplan, L. D., & Best, T. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kouroupis, Dimitrios
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2022-03-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3609-3609
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8897449
- OpenAlex
- W4220776648
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Soffer Family Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- infrapatellar fat pad, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, immunomodulation, synoviocytes, macrophage polarization, M2 macrophages, synovitis, microRNA, cell-free therapy, inflammatory joint diseases
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Animals, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Inflammation, Knee Joint, MicroRNAs, Rats, Exosomes, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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