The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A study into the mental health of PhD students in Australia: investigating the determinants of depression, anxiety, and suicidality
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Another meta-analysis of doctoral students found that 23% experienced mild, 17% moderate and 14% severe anxiety symptoms34.”
From Prevalence and severity of mental health problems in early-career researchers: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Impostor phenomenon (IP) is widespread in doctoral education and is strongly linked to mental distress.”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Mills et al., 2024
In the citing paper
“Female and non-binary students may also face additional pressures academically, have less representation in academia, and potentially be more at risk for IP (Mills et al., 2024).”
From Exploring relationships between self-compassion, impostor phenomenon, and mental health among doctoral students (2025) · cites this paper as Mills et al., 2024
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Osman, A., Bagge, C. L., Gutierrez, P. M., Konick, L. C., Kopper, B. A., & Barrios, F. X. (2001) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/107319110100800409 · Cited by 2,276 · cited 5×
“A total score of seven or more is considered at risk for suicide 17 .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDeveloping a measure of loneliness
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Ferguson, M. L. (1978) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4203_11 · Cited by 2,089
Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students
Levecque, K., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., Van der Heyden, J., & Gisle, L. (2017) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008 · Cited by 1,182
Handling Item-Level Missing Data: Simpler Is Just as Good
Parent, M. C. (2013) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000012445176 · Cited by 685
Relationship between loneliness and mental health in students
Richardson, T., Elliott, P., & Roberts, R. (2017) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-03-2016-0013 · Cited by 256
Effects of anxiety on the long-term course of depressive disorders
Coryell, W., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Solomon, D., Leon, A. C., Rice, J. P., & Keller, M. B. (2012) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081992 · Cited by 92
Park, H.-J., & Jeong, D. Y. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.08.031 · Cited by 67 · cited 1×
“Previous studies have demonstrated that maladaptive perfectionists have poorer psychological health, life satisfaction, and self-esteem, when compared to adaptive perfectionists 29 .”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 25
- Brownlow, C., Eacersall, D., Nelson, C. W., Parsons-Smith, R. L. & Terry, P. C. Risks to mental health of higher degree by research (HDR) students during a global pandemic. PLoS ONE17, e0279698. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279698 (2022). · DOI
- Eisenberg, D., Hunt, J. & Speer, N. Mental health in American colleges and universities: Variation across student subgroups and across campuses. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis.20, 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1019/NMD.0b013e31827ab077 (2013). · DOI
- Hazell, C. M. et al. Nationwide assessment of the mental health of UK Doctoral Researchers. Humanit. Soc. Sci.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00983-8 (2021). · DOI · Paper page
- Cornwall, J. et al. Stressors in early-stage doctoral students. Stud. Contin. Educ.41, 363–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/0158037x.2018.1534821 (2019). · DOI
- Bruffaerts, R. et al. Mental heath problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning. J. Affect. Disord.225, 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j/jad.2017.07.044 (2018). · DOI
- Nagy, G. A. et al. Burnout and mental health in biomedical doctoral students. CBE Life Sci. Educ.18, ar27. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-09-0198 (2019). · DOI · Paper page
- Berry, C., Niven, J. E. & Hazell, C. M. Personal, social and relational predictors of UK postgraduate researcher mental health problems. BJPsych Open7, e205. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1041 (2021). · DOI · Paper page
- Klein, E. M. et al. Loneliness and its relation to mental health in the general population: Validation and norm values of a brief measure. J. Affect. Disord. Rep.4, 100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adr.2021.100120 (2021). · DOI
- Satinsky, E. N. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among Ph.D. students. Sci. Rep.11, 14370. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-93687-7 (2021). · DOI · Paper page
- Barnett, J. V., Harris, R. A. & Mulvany, M. J. A comparison of best practices for doctoral training in Europe and North America. FEBS Open Bio7, 1444–1452. https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12305 (2017). · DOI · Paper page
- Taber, K. The use of Cronbach’s Alpha when developing and reporting research instruments in science education. Res. Sci. Educ.48, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s1165-016-9602-2 (2018). · DOI
- Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W. & Löwe, B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Arch. Intern. Med.166, 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- Clance, P. R. The Impostor Phenomenon: When Success Makes You Feel Like a Fake (Bantam Books, 1985). · DOI
- Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. M. & Tueller, S. The short form of the revised Almost Perfect Scale. J. Pers. Assess.96, 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.838172 (2014). · DOI
- Haslam, C. et al. Maintaining group memberships: Social identity continuity predicts well-being after stroke. Neuropsychol. Rehabil.18, 671–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/09602010701643449 (2008). · DOI
- Mainhard, T., van der Rijst, R., van Tartwijk, J. & Wubbels, T. A model for the supervisor–doctoral student relationship. High Educ.58, 359–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-009-9199-8 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
- Schmidt, A. F. & Finan, C. Linear regression and the normality assumption. J. Clin. Epidemiol.98, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.12.006 (2018). · DOI
- Johnston, R., Jones, K. & Manley, D. Confounding and collinearity in regression analysis: A cautionary tale and an alternative procedure, illustrated by studies of British voting behaviour. Qual. Quant.52, 1957–1976. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-017-0584-6 (2018). · DOI · Paper page
- Stocker, R. et al. Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) data contributed by 13,829 respondents to a national survey about COVID-19 restrictions in Australia. Psychiatry Res.298, 113792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113792 (2021). · DOI
- Moate, R. M., Gnilka, P. B., West, E. M. & Rice, K. G. Doctoral student perfectionism and emotional well-being. Meas. Eval. Couns. Dev.52, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2018.1547619 (2019). · DOI
- Wickramaratne, P. J. et al. Social connectedness as a determinant of mental health: A scoping review. PLoS One17, e0275004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275004 (2022). · DOI
- Bashir, A., Bashir, S., Rana, K., Lambert, P. & Vernallis, A. Post-COVID-19 adaptations: The shifts towards online learning, hybrid course delivery and the implications for biosciences courses in the Higher Education setting. Front. Educ.https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.711619 (2021). · DOI
- Turkle, S. The tethered self: Technology reinvents intimacy and solitude. Contin. High. Educ. Rev.75, 28–31 (2011).
- Gallea, J. I., Medrano, L. A. & Morera, L. P. Work-related mental health issues in graduate student population. Front. Neurosci.15, 593562. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.593562 (2021). · DOI
- Milicev, J., McCann, M., Simpson, S. A., Biello, S. M. & Gardani, M. Evaluating mental health and wellbeing of postgraduate researchers: Prevalence and contributing factors. Curr. Psychol.42, 12267–12280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02309-y (2023). · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clarke, B. J., & Hartley, M. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1669075 · Cited by 3
Dreisoerner, A., Goetz, V., Frohnmayer, D., Tran, U. S., Voracek, M., & Nater, U. M. (2026) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-026-02505-5 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Mills, L., Read, G. J. M., Bragg, J. E., Hutchinson, B. T., & Cox, J. A.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2024-09-30
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- PMC
- PMC11442910
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 8
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review