Dietary habits and nutritional status in adolescents over Europe. An overview of current studies in the Nordic countries
Abstract
Objective To give an overview of the dietary habits among adolescents in the Nordic countries and to present results from studies showing the relationship between dietary habits and other lifestyle factors, nutritional status and socio-economic conditions.Design A number of nutritional studies among adolescents performed during recent decades using recalls, dietary records and food frequency questionnaire.Setting Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.Subjects Adolescents aged 13-18 y.Results Food habits are characterized by an irregular meal pattern; many adolescents skip breakfast and also the school lunch, whereas most of them have dinner. However, snacking and light meals are very common, contributing 25-35% of the daily energy intake. Smoking is linked to their dietary habits as well as socio-economic conditions. Dietary intakes of vitamins and minerals are adequate for normal health and growth. Dietary calcium intake is high, whereas the intake of fibre, vitamin D, zinc and selenium and, in girls, iron is below the Nordic recommendations. Relatively low prevalence figures of iron deficiency were found. Many studies show a decrease over time in physical activity. The time spent in sedentary activities, such as television and video watching and computer games has increased during recent decades.Conclusion Overweight and obesity are becoming more prevalent in all the Nordic countries, even though the prevalence figures are far below those in the USA. On the other hand, dieting girls are common, which might be a factor behind their irregular meal pattern and food choice. In a perspective, overweight and diseases attributable to obesity will be an immense challenge in the coming decades for both the individuals and the society as well.
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A specific 24-h circadian rhythmicity in adipose tissue genes was discovered in 2005.
“A major finding to link chrono-disruption and metabolic homeostasis at the molecular level was the discovery of a specific 24-h circadian rhythmicity in adipose tissue genes in 2005 (49,50) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
The prevalence of an irregular meal pattern has increased recently compared to past decades.
“According to published studies (13,14), the prevalence of an irregular meal pattern has increased recently compared to that in the past decades.”
From Eating Meals Irregularly: A Novel Environmental Risk Factor for the Metabolic Syndrome (2008) · cites this paper as [13]
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“Currently, only approximately half of Norwegian adolescents adhere to the official recommendations of 60 minutes of daily physical activity(6) Dietary habits also persist from adolescence to adulthood,(7,8) and in Norwegian adolescents they are currently characterized by an irregular meal pattern with frequent snackin…”
BackgroundVilela, S., Muresan, I., Correia, D. M., Severo, M., & Lopes, C. M. M. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520001373 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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“In addition to age- and regional-related trends, studies from the 1970s to today have reported a tendency towards a decrease in meal frequency and going from regular meals to skipping main meals among children and adolescents((3,26)).”
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- Authors
- Samuelson, G.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Samuelson, G
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2000-03-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S21-S28
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2035568287
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- adolescent dietary habits, nutritional status, meal patterns, breakfast skipping, snacking, calcium intake, micronutrient intake, iron deficiency, physical activity, sedentary behavior, overweight and obesity, dieting, smoking, socioeconomic conditions, Nordic countries
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Energy Intake, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Scandinavian and Nordic Countries, Exercise, Prevalence, Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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