Determination of glycaemic index; some methodological aspects related to the analysis of carbohydrate load and characteristics of the previous evening meal
Abstract
Objectives To determine the possible differences in glycaemic index (GI) depending on (1) the analytical method used to calculate the 'available carbohydrate' load, that is, using carbohydrates by difference (total carbohydrate by difference, minus dietary fibre (DF)) as available carbohydrates vs available starch basis (total starch minus resistant starch (RS)) of a food rich in intrinsic RS and (2) the effect of GI characteristics and/or the content of indigestible carbohydrates (RS and DF) of the evening meal prior to GI testing the following morning. Design Blood glucose and serum insulin responses were studied after subjects consuming (1) two levels of barley kernels rich in intrinsic RS (15.2%, total starch basis) and (2) after a standard breakfast following three different evening meals varying in GI and/or indigestible carbohydrates: pasta, barley kernels and white wheat bread, respectively. Subjects Healthy adults with normal body mass index. Results (1) Increasing the portion size of barley kernels from 79.6 g (50 g 'available carbohydrates') to 93.9 g (50 g available starch) to adjust for its RS content did not significantly affect the GI or insulin index (11). (2) The low GI barley evening meal, as opposed to white wheat bread and pasta evening meals, reduced the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic (23 and 29%, respectively, P Conclusion (1) Increasing portion size to compensate for the considerable portion of RS in a low GI barley product had no significant i…
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Two meals containing the same amount of carbohydrate can elicit different glycemic responses because of differences in food structure, processing, starch fractions, and non-carbohydrate components.
“two meals containing the same amount of carbohydrate can elicit different glycemic responses because of differences in food structure, processing, starch fractions (rapidly available vs. slowly available), and the effect of non-carbohydrate components (fat, protein, fiber) on gastric emptying and intestinal digestion [4,5,6,7].”
From Does Resistant Starch Formed by Cooling Pasta Decrease the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Type 1 Diabetes? A Randomized Single-Blind Crossover Study (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
Carbohydrate appearance can be influenced by the composition of the preceding meal and by within-day factors.
“Because carbohydrate appearance can also be influenced by the composition of the preceding meal and by within-day factors, consistent monitoring remains essential [6,29].”
From Does Resistant Starch Formed by Cooling Pasta Decrease the Postprandial Glycemic Response in Type 1 Diabetes? A Randomized Single-Blind Crossover Study (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
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In vitro and in vivo methods to predict carbohydrate bioaccessibility
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No influence of carbonation on glycemic response, gastric emptying, and satiety of sweetened drinks
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A collectanea of food insulinaemic index: 2023
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Health Benefits of Barley Foods
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“Because carbohydrate appearance can also be influenced by the composition of the preceding meal and by within-day factors, consistent monitoring remains essential [6,29].”
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Barley- and Legume Products Beneficially Affect Metabolic Responses and Appetite Regulation
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Challenges in measuring glycaemic index
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Improvement of the nutritional management of glycogen storage disease type I
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Nilsson, A. C., & Granfeldt, Y. E. (2008)
Self-citation
- Authors
- Granfeldt, Y., Wu, X., & Björck, I.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Granfeldt, Y
- Venue
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Published
- 2005-10-05
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 104-112
- ISSN
- 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5640
- OpenAlex
- W2080393716
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
- Keywords
- glycemic index, insulin index, resistant starch, dietary fiber, portion size, postprandial blood glucose, postprandial insulin, barley kernels, white wheat bread, pasta, non-digestible carbohydrates
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Biological Availability, Blood Glucose, Edible Grain, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Digestion, Female, Food Analysis, Humans, Insulin, Intestinal Absorption, Male, Nutritive Value, Starch, Postprandial Period, Area Under Curve, Glycemic Index
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