Metabolic effects of dietary fiber consumption and prevention of diabetes
Open accessAbstract
A high dietary fiber (DF) intake is emphasized in the recommendations of most diabetes and nutritional associations. It is accepted that viscous and gel-forming properties of soluble DF inhibit macronutrient absorption, reduce postprandial glucose response, and beneficially influence certain blood lipids. Colonic fermentation of naturally available high fiber foods can also be mainly attributed to soluble DF, whereas no difference between soluble and insoluble DF consumption on the regulation of body weight has been observed. However, in prospective cohort studies, it is primarily insoluble cereal DF and whole grains, and not soluble DF, that is consistently associated with reduced diabetes risk, suggesting that further, unknown mechanisms are likely to be involved. Recent research indicates that DF consumption contributes to a number of unexpected metabolic effects independent from changes in body weight, which include improvement of insulin sensitivity, modulation of the secretion of certain gut hormones, and effects on various metabolic and inflammatory markers that are associated with the metabolic syndrome. In this review, we briefly summarize novel findings from recent interventions and prospective cohort studies. We discuss concepts and potential mechanisms that might contribute to the further understanding of the involved processes.
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Soluble fiber is an outstanding cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride reducer.
“Soluble fiber has recently appeared to be an outstanding cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride reducer.”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
The Background (page not provided) says soluble dietary fiber lowers total and LDL cholesterol. It does not report that soluble fiber lowers triglyceride levels; its triglyceride discussion concerns fat storage associated with adiponectin. The claim’s triglyceride component and description of the effect as “outstanding” are therefore not supported. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSoluble fiber improves postprandial glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, necessary elements in treating dyslipidemia in PCOS.
“Weickert and Pfeiffer (2008) found that soluble fiber improves postprandial glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Therefore these are necessary elements in treating the dyslipidemia that comes with this disease [127].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as Weickert and Pfeiffer (2008)
The Background reports that soluble dietary fiber reduces postprandial glucose responses. The “DF and insulin sensitivity” section says results across fiber types were mixed and identifies improved insulin sensitivity chiefly with insoluble fiber, not soluble fiber. The paper does not establish soluble fiber as a treatment for PCOS-related dyslipidemia; the citing sentence presents that treatment link as its own inference. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSoluble fiber improves postprandial glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, necessary elements in treating dyslipidemia in PCOS.
“Weickert and Pfeiffer (2008) found that soluble fiber improves postprandial glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Therefore these are necessary elements in treating the dyslipidemia that comes with this disease [127].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [127]
The Background states that soluble dietary fiber reduces postprandial glucose responses after carbohydrate-rich meals. The “DF and insulin sensitivity” section reports mixed findings across fiber types and links improved insulin sensitivity chiefly to insoluble fiber, not soluble fiber. The statement about treating PCOS-related dyslipidemia is presented as the citing authors’ inference, rather than a finding attributed to this review. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIt is mainly consumption of insoluble cereal dietary fibre and whole grains, and not soluble fibre, that associates consistently with reduced risk for development of T2D in large prospective cohort studies.
“However, in this context, it is remarkable and surprising that it is mainly the consumption of insoluble cereal dietary fibre and whole grains (and not soluble fibre) that associate consistently with a reduced risk for the development of T2D in large prospective cohort studies [15,42,43].”
From The Health Benefits of Dietary Fibre (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
High fibre intake reduces post-prandial glucose responses after carbohydrate-rich meals and lowers total and LDL cholesterol levels.
“Although the mechanism is not elucidated completely, it is known that a high fibre intake reduces post-prandial glucose responses after carbohydrate-rich meals, and lowers total and LDL cholesterol levels.295”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [295]
Premeal consumption of nutrients such as water, fat, protein, or fiber as "preloads" delay the rate of postprandial glucose absorption from the small intestine and attenuate insulin secretion and glucose excursions.
“There is some evidence suggesting that premeal consumption of nutrients such as water, fat, protein, or fiber as “preloads” delay the rate of postprandial glucose absorption from the small intestine and attenuate insulin secretion and glucose excursions [74,180,181,182,183,184,185].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [185]
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- Authors
- Weickert, M. O., & Pfeiffer, A. F. H.
- Affiliations
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Weickert, Martin O.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-03
- Volume
- 138
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 439-442
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2100020318
- Semantic Scholar
- 413f7c8ebf4425bc38a31098ead6468117e91295
- Cited by
- 683
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 29.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- dietary fiber, diabetes prevention, soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, whole grains, colonic fermentation, postprandial blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, gastrointestinal hormones, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, body weight regulation, serum lipids
- MeSH terms
- Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Fiber, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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