The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Simple knockout by electroporation of engineered endonucleases into intact rat embryos
Abstract
Engineered endonucleases, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system, provide a powerful approach for genome editing in animals. However, the microinjection of endonucleases into embryos requires a high skill level, is time consuming and may cause damage to embryos. Here, we demonstrate that the electroporation of endonuclease mRNAs into intact embryos can induce editing at targeted loci and efficiently produce knockout rats. It is noteworthy that the electroporation of ZFNs resulted in an embryonic survival rate (91%) and a genome-editing rate (73%) that were more than 2-fold higher than the corresponding rates from conventional microinjection. Electroporation technology provides a simple and effective method to produce knockout animals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures

Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Traditional physical methods such as microinjection [136,137] or electroporation [138,139] have been successfully used with CRISPR to engineer embryonic stem cells and zygotes that later originate genetically modified animals.”
From CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool (2019) · cites this paper as [139]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“although electroporation is less invasive and allows for the editing of multiple cells at the same time [139]”
From CRISPR-Cas: Converting A Bacterial Defence Mechanism into A State-of-the-Art Genetic Manipulation Tool (2019) · cites this paper as [139]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Manipulating the Mouse Embryo: A Laboratory Manual
Behringer, R. R., Gertsenstein, M., Nagy, K. V., & Nagy, A. (2002) · Cited by 2,046
Hockemeyer, D., Soldner, F., Beard, C., Gao, Q., Mitalipova, M., DeKelver, R. C., Katibah, G. E., Amora, R., Boydston, E. A., Zeitler, B., et al. (2009) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1562 · Cited by 1,056
Knockout Rats via Embryo Microinjection of Zinc-Finger Nucleases
Geurts, A. M., Cost, G. J., Freyvert, Y., Zeitler, B., Miller, J. C., Choi, V. M., Jenkins, S. S., Wood, A., Cui, X., Meng, X., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1172447 · Cited by 934
Fulminant hypertension in transgenic rats harbouring the mouse Ren-2 gene
Mullins, J. J., Peters, J., & Ganten, D. (1990) · Nature · doi:10.1038/344541a0 · Cited by 917
Capture of Authentic Embryonic Stem Cells from Rat Blastocysts
Buehr, M., Meek, S., Blair, K., Yang, J., Ure, J., Silva, J., McLay, R., Hall, J., Ying, Q.-L., & Smith, A. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.007 · Cited by 798
Germline Competent Embryonic Stem Cells Derived from Rat Blastocysts
Li, P., Tong, C., Mehrian-Shai, R., Jia, L., Wu, N., Yan, Y., Maxson, R. E., Schulze, E. N., Song, H., Hsieh, C.-L., et al. (2008) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.12.006 · Cited by 681
Heritable gene targeting in the mouse and rat using a CRISPR-Cas system
Li, D., Qiu, Z., Shao, Y., Chen, Y., Guan, Y., Liu, M., Li, Y., Gao, N., Wang, L., Lu, X., et al. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2661 · Cited by 643
Knockout rats generated by embryo microinjection of TALENs
Tesson, L., Usal, C., Ménoret, S., Leung, E., Niles, B. J., Remy, S., Santiago, Y., Vincent, A. I., Meng, X., Zhang, L., et al. (2011) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1940 · Cited by 585
Li, W., Wei, W., Zhu, S., Zhu, J., Shi, Y., Lin, T., Hao, E., Hayek, A., Deng, H., & Ding, S. (2009) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.11.014 · Cited by 567
TOYODA, Y., & CHANG, M. C. (1974) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0360009 · Cited by 444
Cited by
Quadros, R. M., Miura, H., Harms, D. W., Akatsuka, H., Sato, T., Aida, T., Redder, R., Richardson, G. P., Inagaki, Y., Sakai, D., et al. (2017) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1220-4 · Cited by 513
A review of emerging physical transfection methods for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing
Fajrial, A. K., He, Q. Q., Wirusanti, N. I., Slansky, J. E., & Ding, X. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.43465 · Cited by 185
Loureiro, A., & da Silva, G. J. (2019) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics8010018 · Cited by 129
Advances in Genome Editing and Application to the Generation of Genetically Modified Rat Models
Chenouard, V., Remy, S., Tesson, L., Ménoret, S., Ouisse, L.-H., Cherifi, Y., & Anegon, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.615491 · Cited by 57
Pi, W., Feng, G., Liu, M., Nie, C., Chen, C., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wan, P., Liu, C., Zhou, P., et al. (2024) · doi:10.20944/preprints202407.1610.v1 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Kaneko, T., Sakuma, T., Yamamoto, T., & Mashimo, T.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2014-10-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2045-2322
- PMC
- PMC4180828
- Cited by
- 204
- References
- 25
- Language
- en
- Licence
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Simple knockout by electroporation of engineered endonucleases into intact rat embryos. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/srep06382
- The paper
- Kaneko, T., Sakuma, T., Yamamoto, T., & Mashimo, T. (2014). Simple knockout by electroporation of engineered endonucleases into intact rat embryos. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06382
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.