Serotonin transporter gene promoter methylation status correlates with in vivo prefrontal 5-HTT availability and reward function in human obesity
Open accessAbstract
A polymorphism in the promoter region of the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT)-coding SLC6A4 gene (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in moderating susceptibility to stress-related psychopathology and to possess regulatory functions on human in vivo 5-HTT availability. However, data on a direct relation between 5-HTTLPR and in vivo 5-HTT availability have been inconsistent. Additional factors such as epigenetic modifications of 5-HTTLPR might contribute to this association. This is of particular interest in the context of obesity, as an association with 5-HTTLPR hypermethylation has previously been reported. Here, we tested the hypothesis that methylation rates of 14 cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) 5-HTTLPR loci, in vivo central 5-HTT availability as measured with [ 11 C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) and body mass index (BMI) are related in a group of 30 obese (age: 36±10 years, BMI>35 kg/m 2 ) and 14 normal-weight controls (age 36±7 years, BMI<25 kg/m 2 ). No significant association between 5-HTTLPR methylation and BMI overall was found. However, site-specific elevations in 5-HTTLPR methylation rates were significantly associated with lower 5-HTT availability in regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) specifically within the obese group when analyzed in isolation. This association was independent of functional 5-HTTLPR allelic variation. In addition, negative correlative data showed that CpG10-associated 5-HTT availability determines levels of reward sensitivity in obesity. Together, our findings suggest that epigenetic mechanisms rather than 5-HTTLPR alone influence in vivo 5-HTT availability, predominantly in regions having a critical role in reward processing, and this might have an impact on the progression of the obese phenotype.
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Methylation of the COMT promoter has been associated with reduced gene expression in both brain and peripheral tissues, leading to increased dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex.
“methylation of the COMT promoter has been associated with reduced gene expression in both brain and peripheral tissues, leading to increased dopamine availability in the prefrontal cortex”
From The clinical use of epigenetics in psychiatry: a narrative review of epigenetic mechanisms, key candidate genes, and precision psychiatry (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
The Results and Discussion passages concern methylation of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR/SLC6A4) and prefrontal 5-HTT availability, not COMT or dopamine. Searches for COMT and COMT promoter methylation found no passage addressing reduced COMT expression in brain or peripheral tissue or increased prefrontal dopamine availability. (LLM, conf=0.75)
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Genetics and epigenetics in obesity
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- Authors
- Drabe, M., Rullmann, M., Luthardt, J., Boettcher, Y., Regenthal, R., Ploetz, T., Becker, G. A., Patt, M., Schinke, C., Bergh, F. T., Zientek, F., Hilbert, A., Bresch, A., Fenske, W., Hankir, M. K., Sabri, O., & Hesse, S.
- Affiliations
- Leipzig University (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (DE)
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Drabe, M
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Psychiatry
- Published
- 2017-07-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e1167-e1167
- ISSN
- 2158-3188 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5538116
- OpenAlex
- W2730013809
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Translational Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01E01501, FKZ: 01E01501)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- serotonin transporter, 5-HTTLPR, promoter methylation, DNA methylation, epigenetics, obesity, prefrontal cortex, reward sensitivity, CpG sites, body mass index, gene-environment interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Polymorphism, Genetic, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Reward, Prefrontal Cortex, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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