Droplet-based interfacial capacitive sensing
Abstract
This paper presented a novel droplet-based pressure sensor using elastic and capacitive electrode-electrolyte interfaces to achieve ultrahigh mechanical-to-electrical sensitivity (1.58 μF kPa(-1)) and resolution (1.8 Pa) with a simple device architecture. The miniature transparent droplet sensors, fabricated by one-step laser micromachining, consisted of two flexible polymer membranes with conductive coating and a separation layer hosting a sensing chamber for an electrolyte droplet. The sensing principle primarily relied on high elasticity of the sensing droplet and large capacitance presented at the electrode-electrolyte interface. A simple surface modification scheme was introduced to the conductive coating, which reduced hysteresis of the droplet deformation without substantially compromising the interfacial capacitance. Moreover, the major concern of liquid evaporation was addressed by a mixture of glycerol and electrolyte with long-term stability in a laboratory environment. Theoretical analyses and experimental investigations on several design parameters (i.e., the dimensions of the sensing chamber and the droplet size) were thoroughly conducted to characterize and optimize the overall sensitivity of the device. Moreover, the environmental influences (e.g., temperature and humidity) on the capacitive measurement were further investigated. Finally, the simply constructed and mechanically flexible droplet sensor was successfully applied to detect minute blood pressure variations on the skin surface (with the maximum value less than 100 Pa) throughout cardiovascular cycles.
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For wearable pressure sensors used for healthcare applications, the sensors should be highly compliant to accommodate skin deformations and highly sensitive to capture small pressure associated with biosignals such as blood pulse or respiration, where pressure down to tens of Pa can be involved.
“For wearable pressure sensors that are used for healthcare applications, the sensors should be highly compliant to accommodate the skin deformations and highly sensitive to capture small pressure associated with biosignals such as blood pulse or respiration, where pressure down to tens of Pa can be involved.[6,138]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [138]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Nie, B., Xing, S., Brandt, J. D., & Pan, T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, Tingrui
- Venue
- Lab on a Chip
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2012
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1110
- ISSN
- 1473-0189 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-0197
- OpenAlex
- W1995334462
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Lab on a Chip (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- interfacial capacitance, electrode-electrolyte interface, conductive coatings, surface modification, hysteresis reduction, liquid evaporation, glycerol electrolyte, laser micromachining, blood pressure sensing, temperature and humidity effects
- MeSH terms
- Electrodes, Electrolytes, Equipment Design, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Surface Properties, Blood Pressure Monitors, Electric Capacitance, Electrochemical Techniques
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