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Description of urolithin production capacity from ellagic acid of two human intestinal Gordonibacter species
Abstract
Ellagitannin and ellagic acid metabolism to urolithins in the gut shows a large human interindividual variability and this has been associated with differences in the colon microbiota. In the present study we describe the isolation of one urolithin-producing strain from the human faeces of a healthy volunteer and the ellagic acid transformation to different urolithin metabolites by two species of intestinal bacteria. The isolate belongs to a new species described as Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens, sp. nov. The type strain of the Gordonibacter genus, Gordonibacter pamelaeae DSM 19378(T), was also demonstrated to produce urolithins. Both human intestinal bacteria grew similarly in the presence and absence of ellagic acid at 30 μM concentration. Ellagic acid catabolism and urolithin formation occurred during the stationary phase of the growth of the bacteria under anaerobic conditions. The HPLC-MS analyses showed the sequential production of pentahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M-5), tetrahydroxy-urolithin (urolithin M-6) and trihydroxy-urolithin (urolithin C), while dihydroxy-urolithins (urolithin A and isourolithin A), and monohydroxy-urolithin (urolithin B) were not produced in pure cultures. Consequently, either other bacteria from the gut or the physiological conditions found in vivo are necessary for completing metabolism until the final urolithins (dihydroxy and monohydroxy urolithins) are produced. This is the first time that the urolithin production capacity of pure strains has been demonstrated. The identification of the urolithin-producing bacteria is a relevant outcome as urolithin implication in health (cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties) has been supported by different bioassays and urolithins can be used in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. This study represents an initial work that opens interesting possibilities of describing enzymatic activities involved in urolithin production that can help in understanding both the human interindividual differences in polyphenol metabolism, the microbial pathways involved, and the role of polyphenols in human health. The presence of urolithin producing bacteria can indirectly affect the health benefits of ellagitannin consumption.
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“It was reported that 2 species of human intestinal bacteria, Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens, sp. nov. and G. pamelaeae DSM 19378(T), convert EA to Urolithin M-5, M-6 and C.146”
From Regulation of Intestinal Barrier Function by Microbial Metabolites (2021) · cites this paper as [146]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Selma, M. V., Beltrán, D., García-Villalba, R., Espín, J. C., & Tomás-Barberán, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Venue
- Food Funct.
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1779-1784
- ISSN
- 2042-6496 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-650X
- OpenAlex
- W2109698180
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15
- FWCI
- 14.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food & Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Keywords
- urolithins, ellagic acid, human gut microbiome, polyphenol metabolism, interindividual variability, novel bacterial species, anaerobic bacterial growth, functional foods, nutraceuticals
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Colon, Coumarins, Ellagic Acid, Feces, Female, Humans, Mass Spectrometry, Actinobacteria, Hydrolyzable Tannins, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Polyphenols, Microbiota, Healthy Volunteers
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