Chromatin plasticity in pluripotent cells
Abstract
ESCs (embryonic stem cells), derived from the blastocyst stage embryo, are characterized by an indefinite ability for self-renewal as well as pluripotency, enabling them to differentiate into all cell types of the three germ layers. In the undifferentiated state, ESCs display a global promiscuous transcriptional programme which is restricted gradually upon differentiation. Supporting transcriptional promiscuity, chromatin in pluripotent cells is more ‘plastic’ or ‘open’, with decondensed heterochromatin architecture, enrichment of active histone modifications, and a hyperdynamic association of chromatin proteins with chromatin. During ESC differentiation, nuclear architecture and chromatin undergo substantial changes. Heterochromatin foci appear smaller, more numerous and more condensed in the differentiated state, the nuclear lamina becomes more defined and chromatin protein dynamics becomes restricted. In the present chapter we discuss chromatin plasticity and epigenetics and the mechanisms that regulate the various chromatin states, which are currently a central theme in the studies of stem cell maintenance and differentiation, and which will no doubt assist in delineating the secrets of pluripotency and self-renewal.
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Less mature cells maintain looser chromatin to permit wider sampling of the transcriptome, while more differentiated cells generally restrict chromatin accessibility and transcriptional diversity as they specialize.
“Our results are therefore consistent with a model in which less mature cells maintain looser chromatin to permit wider sampling of the transcriptome, while more differentiated cells generally restrict chromatin accessibility and transcriptional diversity as they specialize (Fig. 1E and fig. S3) (46).”
From Single-cell transcriptional diversity is a hallmark of developmental potential (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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Lee, B.-K., & Kim, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.673065 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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CASTILHO, R. M., Castilho, L. S., Palomares, B. H., & SQUARIZE, C. H. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15060710 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Přikrylová, T. (2013) · World Journal of Stem Cells · doi:10.4252/wjsc.v5.i3.73 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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The role of Smarcad1 in retroviral repression in mouse embryonic stem cells
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- Authors
- Melcer, S., & Meshorer, E.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- ORCID
- Meshorer, Eran
- Venue
- Essays in Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2010-09-20
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 245-262
- ISSN
- 0071-1365 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-1358
- OpenAlex
- W2030454706
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Essays in Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Keywords
- chromatin plasticity, embryonic stem cells, pluripotency, self-renewal, heterochromatin, histone modifications, nuclear lamina, nuclear organization, epigenetics, stem cell differentiation, chromatin decondensation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatin, Humans, DNA Methylation, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Epigenesis, Genetic
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