Parallel Development of Chromatin Patterns, Neuron Morphology, and Connections: Potential for Disruption in Autism
Open accessAbstract
The phenotype of neurons and their connections depend on complex genetic and epigenetic processes that regulate the expression of genes in the nucleus during development and throughout life. Here we examined the distribution of nuclear chromatin patters in relation to the epigenetic landscape, phenotype and connections of neurons with a focus on the primate cerebral cortex. We show that nuclear patterns of chromatin in cortical neurons are related to neuron size and cortical connections. Moreover, we point to evidence that reveals an orderly sequence of events during development, linking chromatin and gene expression patterns, neuron morphology, function, and connections across cortical areas and layers. Based on this synthesis, we posit that systematic studies of changes in chromatin patterns and epigenetic marks across cortical areas will provide novel insights on the development and evolution of cortical networks, and their disruption in connectivity disorders of developmental origin, like autism. Achieving this requires embedding and interpreting genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic studies within a framework that takes into consideration distinct types of neurons, local circuit interactions, and interareal pathways. These features vary systematically across cortical areas in parallel with laminar structure and are differentially affected in disorders. Finally, based on evidence that autism-associated genetic polymorphisms are especially prominent in excitatory neurons and connectivity disruption affects mostly limbic cortices, we employ this systematic approach to propose novel, targeted studies of projection neurons in limbic areas to elucidate the emergence and time-course of developmental disruptions in autism.
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The short- and long-range prefrontal axons, particularly those from the ACC, are affected in their guidance to subcortical targets and may underlie the network disruption characteristic for ASD.
“The short- and long-range prefrontal axons, particularly those from the ACC, are affected in their guidance to subcortical targets and may underlie the network disruption characteristic for ASD [377, 378].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [377]
The section “From Chromatin Patterns to Connections: Potential Disruption in Autism” (page unavailable) reports altered axon proportions in white matter below the anterior cingulate cortex in ASD and suggests involvement of interareal pathways. It does not establish that both short- and long-range prefrontal axons are affected in their guidance to subcortical targets. The proposed link to network disruption is broadly consistent with the paper, but those specific pathway and guidance claims are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Development of prefrontal cortex
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“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an example heterogeneous NDD characterized by impaired communication and social interaction accompanied with repetitive behavior and stereotyped interests.”
BackgroundInfluentialOpposite development of short- and long-range anterior cingulate pathways in autism
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Self-citation
- Authors
- García-Cabezas, M. Á., Barbas, H., & Zikopoulos, B.
- Affiliations
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zikopoulos, Basilis
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2018-08-17
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 70-70
- ISSN
- 1662-5129 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6107687
- OpenAlex
- W2886561010
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 142
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101209, R01MH057414, R01MH117785)
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (22777)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- chromatin pattern, epigenetic modifications, neuronal morphology, cortical connectivity, autism spectrum disorder, cortical development, cortical laminar organization, cortical regions, excitatory neurons, limbic cortex, projection neurons, gene expression
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