The DOI matches its Crossref record; 130 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hair Follicle Development
Open accessAbstract
Clinical conditions causing hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and scarring alopecia, can be psychologically devastating to individuals and are the target of a multimillion dollar pharmaceutical industry. The importance of the hair follicle in skin biology, however, does not rest solely with its ability to produce hair. Hair follicles are self-renewing and contain reservoirs of multipotent stem cells that are capable of regenerating the epidermis and are thought to be utilized in wound healing. Hair follicles are also the sites of origin of many neoplasias, including some basal cell carcinomas and pilomatricoma. These diseases result from inappropriate activation of signaling pathways that regulate hair follicle morphogenesis. Identification of the signaling molecules and pathways operating in developing and postnatal, cycling, hair follicles is therefore vital to our understanding of pathogenic states in the skin and may ultimately permit the development of novel therapies for skin tumors as well as for hair loss disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle formation, and to discuss ways in which this information may eventually be utilized in the clinic.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, the hair follicle is a unique mini organ that repetitively and dynamically undergoes cyclic regeneration postnatally (6, 7).”
From Reprogramming of three-dimensional microenvironments for in vitro hair follicle induction (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Cotsarelis, G., Sun, T.-T., & Lavker, R. M. (1990) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90696-c · Cited by 2,276
MECHANISMS OF WNT SIGNALING IN DEVELOPMENT
Wodarz, A., & Nusse, R. (1998) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.14.1.59 · Cited by 2,030
Mutations of the Human Homolog of Drosophila patched in the Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Hahn, H., Wicking, C., Zaphiropoulos, P. G., Gailani, M. R., Shanley, S., Chidambaram, A., Vořechovský, I., Holmberg, E., Undén, A. B., Gillies, S. A., et al. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81268-4 · Cited by 2,018
Human Homolog of patched , a Candidate Gene for the Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
Johnson, R. L., Rothman, A., Xie, J., Goodrich, L. V., Bare, J. W., Bonifas, J. M., Quinn, A., Myers, R., Cox, D., Epstein, E. H., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.272.5268.1668 · Cited by 1,856
Controls of Hair Follicle Cycling
Stenn, K. S., & Paus, R. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.1.449 · Cited by 1,543
Bitgood, M. J., & McMahon, A. P. (1995) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1006/dbio.1995.0010 · Cited by 1,370
β-Catenin Controls Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Stem Cell Differentiation in the Skin
Huelsken, J., Vogel, R., Erdmann, B., Cotsarelis, G., & Birchmeier, W. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00336-1 · Cited by 1,352
De Novo Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Hair Tumors in Mice Expressing a Truncated β-Catenin in Skin
Gat, U., DasGupta, R., Degenstein, L., & Fuchs, E. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81631-1 · Cited by 1,089
Involvement of Follicular Stem Cells in Forming Not Only the Follicle but Also the Epidermis
Taylor, G., Lehrer, M. S., Jensen, P. J., Sun, T.-T., & Lavker, R. M. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00050-7 · Cited by 1,070
Morphogenesis and Renewal of Hair Follicles from Adult Multipotent Stem Cells
Oshima, H., Rochat, A., Kedzia, C., Kobayashi, K., & Barrandon, Y. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00208-2 · Cited by 1,043
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–977 of 977
Hair Follicle Anatomy in Human Scalp Biopsies
Whiting, D. A., & Dy, L. C. (2008) · Basic and clinical dermatology · doi:10.3109/9781420018660.004
Mill, P., & Hui, C. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-33777-6_8 · Cited by 1
Scaffolds Reinforced by Fibers or Tubes for Soft Tissue Repair
Pei, B., Wang, W., & Li, X. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3554-8_8
Kishimoto, J., & Ishimatsu‐Tsuji, Y. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718019193.793478463
Yang, X., Qiao, R., Ni, N., Zhang, Q., Zhang, K., Shao, X., Cheng, W., Sun, J., & Jiang, Y. (2022) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s357755
Establishment and Functional Characterization of Immortalized Rabbit Dermal Papilla Cell LinesPreprint
Li, J., Zhao, B., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Dai, Y., Hu, S., Yang, N., Chen, Y., & Wu, X. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1105281/v2
A Preview of Selected Articles
Atkinson, S. P. (2019) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1002/stem.3074
Zlotogorski, A., & Ramot, Y. (2013) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.718150980.793485680
Bernard, B. A. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b14191-3
15 Diseases of cutaneous appendages
(2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3485-5.00057-7
Li, H., Yang, B.-Z., Zhang, X., Li, L., Jiang, H., & Chen, J. (2019) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.18760/v1
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions Between Hair Follicles and Dermal Adipose Tissue
Ramos, R., & Plikus, M. V. (2022) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98331-4_6
The Historical Studies Underpinning the Concept of Hair Follicle Neogenesis
Higgins, C. A., & Jahoda, C. A. B. (2022) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98331-4_1
Wound Healing Induced Hair Follicle Regeneration
Jiang, Y., & Myung, P. S. (2022) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98331-4_13
Bao, Z., Zhai, P., Yao, F., Ren, Y., Zhao, B., Chen, Y., & Wu, X. (2022) · Animal Genetics · doi:10.1111/age.13254
Pilomatrixoma causing irreversible peripheral eyebrow shedding: A case report
Shen, Z., Cheng, F., Dai, Y., Yu, Y., Ye, L., & Xu, J. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cjprs.2023.01.001
Camacho, F. M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26594-0_99-1
Jin, M., Lyu, S., Liu, X., Cui, L., & Fan, W. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2739715/v1
Davies, J. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-99965-6.00019-1
Liao, C., Huang, Z., Chen, L., Fan, X., Peng, J., Tan, X., Yang, J., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Italian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4081/itjm.2023.1607
Bhadoriya, Y. S., & Jain, A. (2023) · International Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.22271/flora.2023.v11.i4a.870
EZH2 expression in the skin of developing human fetuses and adults: a comparative study
Zorlu, Ö., Karabağ, S., Erdoğan, K. E., KUŞSEVER, E., & Aslan, İ. Ö. (2023) · Çukurova medical journal (Online)/Çukurova medical journal · doi:10.17826/cumj.1321745
Effects of Natural Herbal Marker Compounds on Human Dermal Papilla Cell Growth Regulation
Choi, B. Y. (2023) · Current Topic in Lactic Acid Bacteria and Probiotics · doi:10.35732/ctlabp.2023.9.2.58
Conese, M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15717-2.00069-x
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177897
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177891
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177906
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177855
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177876
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177900
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177861
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177843
Chitinase 3-Like 1 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 proteins and the hair cycle
Noguchi, K., Inai, T., & Kuwana, R. (2024) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/s00403-024-03151-5
Wound-initiated hair regeneration by adhesive and shrinkable materialsPreprint
Kokabu, S., Tsuji, K., Washio, A., Murata, K., Nakatomi, M., Ono, Y., Kaminuma, O., & Matsubara, T. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.08.27.610012
Wang, L., Huang, P., Guo, Y., Dai, B., Liang, D., Feng, P., Zheng, L., Xu, T., Wen, L., Lü, X., et al. (2024) · Animal Biology · doi:10.1163/15707563-bja10158
A calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe: a clinical case
Isaev, P. A., Викторович, П. В., Ilyin, A. A., Vatina, L. N., Yakusheva, A. S., Rizhenkova, M. I., Иванов, С. А., & Каприн, А. Д. (2025) · Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.17816/ps831
Ebola’s Hidden Target: Virus Transmission to and Accumulation within SkinPreprint
Richards, P. T., Fleck, A. M., Patel, R., Fakhimi, M., Bohan, D., Geoghegan-Barek, K. M., Stolte, A. E., Messingham, C. O., Connell, S. J., Crowe, T. P., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.04.04.647113
Liu, C., Zhang, Y., Bai, L., Gao, S., Sun, H., Yang, L., & Liu, G. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5087646/v1
Kanayama, K., D, H. K. M., & Kinoshita, K. (2024) · International Journal of Trichology · doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_100_22
Hassan, G. F. R., Elsaftawy, R. E., Mady, O. Y., & Gheida, S. F. (2025) · International Journal of Trichology · doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_118_23
Masi, G., Guiducci, C., & Rescigno, F. (2025) · Organoids · doi:10.3390/organoids4030017
Luo, Y., Xi, B., Song, Y., Xiao, T., Lu, Z., Liu, J., Yuan, C., & Guo, T. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15172629
Abreu, C. M., Pirraco, R. P., Reis, R. L., Cerqueira, M. T., & Marques, A. P. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13585470
Wu, C., Xu, Q., Li, J., Qin, C., Tulafu, H., Liu, W., Lu, Q., Zheng, W., & Fu, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24295649
Tian, D., Pei, Q., Jiang, H., Guo, J., Ma, X., Han, B., Li, X., & Zhao, K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26731165
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177849
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Li, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177870
Liu, G., Li, S., Liu, H., Zhu, Y., Bai, L., Sun, H., Gao, S., Jiang, W., & Fuchang, L. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12177882
Harnessing mechanobiology for hair regeneration: emerging techniques and therapies
Bhattacharya, B., Das, A., & Roy, S. (2025) · Progress in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1088/2516-1091/ae30ba
Chang, J., Liang, J., Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, Z., Li, R., Zhao, W., Deng, Y., & Xiao, H. (2026) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.151209
Kwack, M. H., Jung, M., & Sung, Y. K. (2026) · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13770-026-00792-7
Outer root sheath cells secrete oxytocin for hair growth promotion and stem cell proliferation
Kageyama, T., Sun, T., Yan, L., Seo, J., Hamano, S., Nanmo, A., & Fukuda, J. (2026) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2026.02.012
Gao, Y., 高桂珍, Zhang, X., Lian, W., Wu, X., Cui, K., Zhu, L., Jiang, G., Xu, Z., Wang, J., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2026.1765302
Iska, N., Nwozo, E., Hassan, H., Peddireddy, N. S., Sataray-Rodriguez, A., & Frasier, K. M. (2026) · Journal of Biosciences and Medicines · doi:10.4236/jbm.2026.143042
Unraveling the mechanisms responsible for the onset of catagen
de Lageneste, M. D. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/83630d02zdb5az4d27z851az24eb19b17c1c
Tissot, F. S. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/15252dfez0dfez4a42z83f4z21be7c773c9d
Exploration des récepteurs à dépendance dans les hémopathies malignes
Fahed, D. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/621dee0ez6dd8z4539z81a4z388f4a3296af
Gupta, A. K., Liddy, A., Wang, T., & Rapaport, J. A. (2026) · Dermatologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.det.2026.02.001
Lin, C.-H., Kuo, T.-Y., Hsueh, Y., Shieh, S.-J., Tang, M., Wu, C. L., Huang, L. L. H., & Hughes, M. W. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-67413-0
Non-Surgical Hair Restoration Options: Current Techniques and Emerging Technologies in Prejuvenation
Paul, B. C. (2026) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2887-9735
INADA, M., Morita, M., & Izumi, M. (2026) · Pediatric and Developmental Pathology · doi:10.1177/10935266261461665
Normal Hair Structure and Physiology
Goldberg, R. H., & Goldberg, L. J. (2026) · Updates in clinical dermatology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-24862-6_1
Hair Follicle Stem Cells: Emerging Physiology and Therapeutic Applications
Yang, S., Chen, Q., Li, H., & Yang, G. (2026) · Stem Cell Reviews and Reports · doi:10.1007/s12015-026-11199-1
-, P. S., Basu, P., & Hegde, P. J. (2026) · Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12663-026-03064-y
Kim, H. S., Lee, E., Cho, D. Y., Um, M. Y., Ahn, J., & Jung, C. H. (2026) · Food Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s10068-026-02280-z
Lee, S. H., Park, J.-Y., Kim, N., Park, H., Hong, S.-T., Lee, M. K., & Kim, M.-O. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27167411
Sharp cell type boundaries emerge from coordinated morphogen signalingPreprint
Li, R., Jiang, Y., Platt, S., Xin, T., Lukkad, S., Van, S., Peterson, K. A., Driskell, R. R., Zhu, J., Lam, H., et al. (2026) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.353815.126
Pan, C., Wang, Y., Li, N., & Li, B. (2026) · MarineMedicine · doi:10.64187/mm.2026.v2.i2.008
Bioactive Agents for Hair Growth: Current and Emerging Therapies
Ahamed, N., Kumar, P., & Tippireddy, S. (2026) · doi:10.25259/jmars_3_2026
Hair follicle regeneration technology: from microenvironment regulation to functional reconstruction
Yang, S., Guo, Y., Ma, K., Yang, S., & Fu, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2026.1935385
Mesenchymal-epidermal interactions in hair follicle cycling and regeneration
Legrand, J. M. D. (2015) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2015.660
Metadata
- Authors
- Millar, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Millar, Sarah E.
- ORCID
- Millar, Sarah E.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 216-225
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034432190
- Cited by
- 967
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 8.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alopecia Areata Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Keywords
- hair follicle development, hair follicle morphogenesis, hair loss, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, scarring alopecia, hair follicle stem cells, signaling pathways, basal cell carcinoma, pilomatrixoma, skin tumors, epidermal regeneration, wound healing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Division, Embryo, Mammalian, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Skin, Signal Transduction, Hair Follicle
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review