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Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hair Follicle Development
Open accessAbstract
Clinical conditions causing hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and scarring alopecia, can be psychologically devastating to individuals and are the target of a multimillion dollar pharmaceutical industry. The importance of the hair follicle in skin biology, however, does not rest solely with its ability to produce hair. Hair follicles are self-renewing and contain reservoirs of multipotent stem cells that are capable of regenerating the epidermis and are thought to be utilized in wound healing. Hair follicles are also the sites of origin of many neoplasias, including some basal cell carcinomas and pilomatricoma. These diseases result from inappropriate activation of signaling pathways that regulate hair follicle morphogenesis. Identification of the signaling molecules and pathways operating in developing and postnatal, cycling, hair follicles is therefore vital to our understanding of pathogenic states in the skin and may ultimately permit the development of novel therapies for skin tumors as well as for hair loss disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating hair follicle formation, and to discuss ways in which this information may eventually be utilized in the clinic.
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“However, the hair follicle is a unique mini organ that repetitively and dynamically undergoes cyclic regeneration postnatally (6, 7).”
From Reprogramming of three-dimensional microenvironments for in vitro hair follicle induction (2022) · cites this paper as [6]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Millar, S. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Millar, Sarah E.
- ORCID
- Millar, Sarah E.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-02
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 216-225
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2034432190
- Cited by
- 967
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 8.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alopecia Areata Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Skin and Cellular Biology Research
- Keywords
- hair follicle development, hair follicle morphogenesis, hair loss, androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, scarring alopecia, hair follicle stem cells, signaling pathways, basal cell carcinoma, pilomatrixoma, skin tumors, epidermal regeneration, wound healing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Division, Embryo, Mammalian, Embryo, Nonmammalian, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Skin, Signal Transduction, Hair Follicle
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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