White Adipose Tissue: Getting Nervous
Abstract
Neuroendocrine research has altered the traditional perspective of white adipose tissue (WAT) as a passive store of triglycerides. In addition to fatty acids, WAT produces many hormones and can therefore be designated as a traditional endocrine gland actively participating in the integrative physiology of fuel and energy metabolism, eating behaviour and the regulation of hormone secretion and sensitivity. WAT is controlled by humoral factors, para‐ and intracrine factors and by neural regulation. Sympathetic nerve fibres innervate WAT and stimulate lipolysis, leading to the release of glycerol and free fatty acids. In addition, recent research in rats has clearly shown a functional parasympathetic innervation of WAT. There appears to be a distinct somatotopy within the parasympathetic nuclei: separate sets of autonomic neurones in the brain stem innervate either the visceral or the subcutaneous fat compartment. We therefore propose that the central nervous system (CNS) plays a major role in the hitherto unexplained regulation of body fat distribution. Parasympathectomy induces insulin resistance with respect to glucose and fatty acid uptake in the innervated fat depot and has selective effects on local hormone synthesis. Thus, the CNS is involved not only in the regulation of hormone production by WAT, but also in its hormone sensitivity. The developments in this research area are likely to increase our insights in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus type 2 and lipodystrophy syndromes.
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Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ vital to whole body homeostasis and metabolism.
“Although initially thought of as inert storage sites for triacylglycerol, adipose tissue is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ vital to whole body homeostasis and metabolism.”
From Developmental programming of offspring adipose tissue biology and obesity risk (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Fliers, E., Kreier, F., Voshol, P. J., Havekes, L. M., Sauerwein, H. P., Kalsbeek, A., Buijs, R. M., & Romijn, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fliers, E.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-10-21
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1005-1010
- ISSN
- 0953-8194 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2826
- OpenAlex
- W2151336952
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- white adipose tissue, adipose tissue endocrine function, sympathetic innervation, parasympathetic innervation, lipolysis, body fat distribution, insulin resistance, visceral fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, lipodystrophy
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Endocrine System, Humans, Parasympathetic Nervous System, Sympathetic Nervous System, Leptin
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