Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 134

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The effect of parental smoking on lung function and development during infancy

STOCKS, Janet, DEZATEUX, Carol·2003·Respirology
DOI 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00478.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Abstract: While the adverse effects of parental smoking on respiratory health during childhood are well recognized, its potential impact on early lung development is less clear. This review summarizes current evidence on the effect of parental smoking on lung function during infancy. It is difficult to separate the effects of pre‐ and postnatal exposure, since the majority of mothers who smoke in pregnancy (currently around 30% worldwide) continue to do so thereafter. Nevertheless, measurements undertaken prior to any postnatal exposure have consistently demonstrated significant changes in tidal flow patterns in infants whose mothers smoked in pregnancy. While there is, as yet, no convincing evidence from studies in human infants that smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased airway responsiveness at birth, many studies have demonstrated a reduction in forced expiratory flows (on average by 20%) in infants exposed to parental smoking. While maternal smoking during pregnancy remains the most significant source of such exposure and is likely to be responsible for diminished airway function in early life, continuing postnatal tobacco smoke exposure will increase the risk of respiratory infections, the combination of both being responsible for the two‐ to fourfold increased risk of wheezing illnesses observed during the first year of life in infants whose parents smoke. These findings emphasize the need to keep infants in a smoke‐free environment both before and after birth, not least because of growing awareness that airway function in later life is largely determined by that during foetal development and early infancy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00478.x

Cites

8 of 8 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 8 references

Research works printed but not linked: 162

  1. 10.1136/bmj.309.6959.901 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564146 · DOI
  3. 10.1136/thx.54.4.357 · DOI
  4. 10.1136/thorax.55.12.1063 · DOI
  5. 10.1136/bmj.321.7257.343 · DOI
  6. 10.1136/thx.52.10.905 · DOI
  7. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009748 · DOI
  8. 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80484-6 · DOI
  9. 10.1136/thx.54.1.27 · DOI
  10. 10.1136/thorax.56.1.9 · DOI
  11. 10.1542/peds.97.4.560 · DOI
  12. 10.1164/ajrccm.163.2.2006009 · DOI
  13. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(199901)27:1<5::AID-PPUL3>3.0.CO;2-5 · DOI
  14. Royal College of Physicians., 1992, Smoking and the Young. A Report of a Working Party of the Royal College of Physicians.
  15. 10.1164/ajrccm.153.1.8542119 · DOI
  16. 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)10321-5 · DOI
  17. 10.1053/prrv.2001.0141 · DOI
  18. 10.1053/prrv.2001.0142 · DOI
  19. 10.1164/ajrccm/145.3.594 · DOI
  20. 10.1164/ajrccm/146.1.66 · DOI
  21. 10.1093/ije/27.2.238 · DOI
  22. 10.1136/bmj.313.7051.195 · DOI
  23. 10.1542/peds.104.4.e43 · DOI
  24. 10.1016/S0379-0738(02)00134-2 · DOI
  25. 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011605 · DOI
  26. 10.1136/adc.83.4.307 · DOI
  27. 10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9711057 · DOI · Paper page
  28. 10.1001/jama.283.3.361 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1164/ajrccm/145.5.1129 · DOI
  30. 10.3109/00016349609055025 · DOI
  31. 10.1136/bmj.318.7189.1012 · DOI
  32. 10.2105/AJPH.93.3.482 · DOI
  33. 10.1093/ije/17.2.348 · DOI
  34. 10.1164/ajrccm.150.1.8025772 · DOI
  35. 10.1183/09031936.98.11061319 · DOI
  36. Holberg CJ, 1993, Child day care, smoking by caregivers and lower respiratory tract illness in the first 3 years of life, Pediatrics, 91, 885, 10.1542/peds.91.5.885 · DOI
  37. 10.1056/NEJM199501193320301 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)04446-7 · DOI
  39. 10.1136/fn.80.1.F8 · DOI
  40. 10.1183/09031936.97.10081774 · DOI
  41. 10.1164/ajrccm/151.2_Pt_2.S15 · DOI
  42. 10.1378/chest.116.1.52 · DOI
  43. 10.1097/00001648-200005000-00023 · DOI
  44. 10.1183/09031936.95.08030483 · DOI · Paper page
  45. 10.1093/aje/153.10.954 · DOI
  46. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1987.tb00439.x · DOI
  47. 10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9712029 · DOI
  48. 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01108-X · DOI
  49. 10.1001/jama.1994.03510320061031 · DOI
  50. 10.1136/thorax.56.9.680 · DOI
  51. 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06970-7 · DOI
  52. 10.1164/ajrccm.164.11.2104053 · DOI
  53. 10.1136/adc.74.2.176 · DOI
  54. 10.1203/00006450-198519040-00018 · DOI
  55. 10.1172/JCI5232 · DOI · Paper page
  56. 10.1159/000242778 · DOI
  57. Maritz GS, 1992, Effect of maternal nicotine exposure on neonatal lung elastic tissue and possible consequences, S. Afr. Med. J., 81, 517
  58. 10.1071/R98036 · DOI
  59. 10.1006/cbir.1993.1041 · DOI
  60. 10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9607056 · DOI
  61. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0496(200005)29:5<331::AID-PPUL1>3.0.CO;2-A · DOI
  62. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15a28.x · DOI
  63. 10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663813 · DOI
  64. 10.1164/ajrccm.154.3.8810604 · DOI
  65. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d01.x · DOI
  66. Stocks J, 1996, Infant Respiratory Function Testing
  67. 10.1136/thorax.57.5.388 · DOI
  68. 10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735597 · DOI
  69. Hislop A, 1995, Childhood Asthma and Other Wheezing Disorders, 35
  70. 10.1201/b14022-4 · DOI
  71. 10.1016/0378-3782(96)01735-5 · DOI
  72. 10.3109/02770909809055412 · DOI
  73. 10.1097/00008480-199504000-00002 · DOI
  74. 10.1056/NEJM198409063111014 · DOI
  75. Ji CM, 1998, Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke alters Clara cell secretory protein expression in fetal rat lung, Am. J. Physiol., 275, L870
  76. Cutz E, 1996, Maternal smoking and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells in sudden infant death syndrome, Pediatrics, 98, 668, 10.1542/peds.98.4.668 · DOI
  77. 10.1080/019021400269916 · DOI
  78. Lieberman E, 1992, Association of intrauterine cigarette smoke exposure with indices of fetal lung maturation, Obstet. Gynecol., 79, 564
  79. 10.1203/00006450-200005000-00015 · DOI
  80. 10.1164/rccm.2107082 · DOI
  81. Lai Y, 1994, Sidestream cigarette smoke exposure and airway reactivity during early life, J. Appl. Physiol., 77, 1868, 10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1868 · DOI
  82. 10.1164/ajrccm.160.1.9802024 · DOI
  83. Moreno RH, 1986, Mechanics of airway narrowing, Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 133, 1171
  84. Martinez FD, 1991, Sudden infant death syndrome and small airway occlusion: facts and a hypothesis, Pediatrics, 87, 190, 10.1542/peds.87.2.190 · DOI
  85. 10.1164/rccm.2110005 · DOI
  86. 10.1164/rccm.2211002 · DOI
  87. Bulterys MG, 1990, Chronic fetal hypoxia and sudden infant death syndrome: interaction between maternal smoking and low hematocrit during pregnancy, Pediatrics, 86, 535, 10.1542/peds.86.4.535 · DOI
  88. 10.1203/00006450-199907000-00006 · DOI
  89. 10.1203/00006450-200002000-00011 · DOI
  90. 10.1126/science.7660131 · DOI
  91. 10.1016/S0034-5687(99)00054-7 · DOI
  92. 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2066 · DOI
  93. 10.1016/S0034-5687(01)00232-8 · DOI
  94. 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.5.1968 · DOI
  95. 10.1203/00006450-199505000-00017 · DOI
  96. Rabbette PS, 1991, Persistence of the Hering‐Breuer reflex beyond the neonatal period, J. Appl. Physiol., 71, 474, 10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.474 · DOI
  97. 10.1152/jappl.1998.85.6.2033 · DOI
  98. 10.1152/jappl.1990.68.3.955 · DOI
  99. 10.1203/00006450-198212000-00013 · DOI
  100. 10.1183/09031936.01.17101080 · DOI
  101. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d28.x · DOI
  102. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00927.2002 · DOI
  103. 10.1164/ajrccm.150.5.7952563 · DOI
  104. 10.1016/S0378-3782(99)00048-1 · DOI
  105. 10.1016/S0022-3476(95)70155-9 · DOI
  106. 10.1164/ajrccm.162.3.9909071 · DOI
  107. 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70026-0 · DOI
  108. 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2001.tb02807.x · DOI
  109. 10.1016/0002-9378(80)90249-5 · DOI
  110. 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1976.tb00823.x · DOI
  111. 10.1183/09031936.00.16510160 · DOI
  112. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.16d29.x · DOI
  113. 10.1183/09031936.01.17101410 · DOI
  114. 10.1183/09031936.01.17305290 · DOI
  115. 10.1183/09031936.01.17203020 · DOI
  116. 10.1056/NEJM198810273191702 · DOI
  117. 10.1002/ppul.1950150608 · DOI
  118. 10.1164/ajrccm.161.2.9903026 · DOI
  119. 10.1067/mpd.2002.128114 · DOI
  120. 10.1136/thorax.55.7.587 · DOI
  121. 10.1136/adc.87.5.417 · DOI
  122. 10.1183/09031936.98.12030646 · DOI
  123. 10.1002/ppul.1950180202 · DOI
  124. 10.1164/ajrccm.151.6.7767557 · DOI
  125. Le Souef PN, 1996, Infant Respiratory Function Testing., 379
  126. 10.1164/ajrccm.165.8.2103035 · DOI
  127. 10.1002/ppul.1950190105 · DOI
  128. 10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.811 · DOI
  129. 10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001304 · DOI
  130. 10.1164/rccm.2202046 · DOI
  131. 10.1002/ppul.1153 · DOI
  132. 10.1164/ajrccm.159.2.9801083 · DOI
  133. 10.1056/NEJM199104253241704 · DOI
  134. Dezateux C, 2002, Influence of maternal smoking on peripheral airway function during the first 18 months of life, Eur. Respir. J., 20, 176s
  135. 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91880-J · DOI
  136. 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91602-5 · DOI
  137. Le Souëf PN, 1992, Size dependence of airway responsiveness in children, Eur. Respir. J., 5, 508s
  138. 10.1164/ajrccm.163.1.2005013 · DOI
  139. 10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2005080 · DOI
  140. 10.1164/ajrccm/143.2.312 · DOI
  141. 10.1164/ajrccm.161.6.9812057 · DOI
  142. 10.1016/0034-5687(78)90031-2 · DOI
  143. Coates A, 1996, Infant Respiratory Function Testing., 241
  144. 10.1164/ajrccm.157.5.rsaa-2 · DOI
  145. 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12633-5 · DOI
  146. 10.1164/rccm.2204011 · DOI
  147. 10.1136/thx.48.12.1200 · DOI
  148. Martinez FD, 2002, Development of wheezing disorders and asthma in preschool children, Ped., 109, 362, 10.1542/peds.109.SE1.362 · DOI
  149. 10.1016/S1526-0542(02)00188-4 · DOI
  150. 10.1136/thx.52.11.936 · DOI
  151. Burrows B, 1980, ‘As the twig is bent, the tree inclines’ (perhaps), Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 122, 813
  152. 10.1164/ajrccm/143.6.1452 · DOI
  153. Sherrill DL, 1993, Longitudinal methods for describing the relationship between pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and smoking in elderly subjects: the Tucson study, Eur. Respir. J., 6, 342, 10.1183/09031936.93.06030342 · DOI
  154. 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79187-X · DOI
  155. 10.1056/NEJM198309223091204 · DOI
  156. 10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633708 · DOI
  157. 10.1136/thorax.55.4.271 · DOI
  158. 10.1164/ajrccm.162.6.2004178 · DOI
  159. 10.1136/bmj.313.7059.711 · DOI
  160. 10.1152/japplphysiol.00588.2002 · DOI
  161. 10.1002/1099-0496(200007)30:1<1::AID-PPUL1>3.0.CO;2-Q · DOI
  162. 10.1136/bmj.317.7160.728 · DOI

Cited by

See all 134

Metadata

Authors
STOCKS, J., & DEZATEUX, C.
Venue
Respirology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-08-07
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
266-285
ISSN
  • 1323-7799
  • 1440-1843
DOI
10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00478.x
Cited by
134
References
8
Language
en
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The effect of parental smoking on lung function and development during infancy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00478.x
The paper
STOCKS, J., & DEZATEUX, C. (2003). The effect of parental smoking on lung function and development during infancy. Respirology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1843.2003.00478.x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.