Prenatal nicotine increases pulmonary α7 nicotinic receptor expression and alters fetal lung development in monkeys
Open accessAbstract
It is well established that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a leading preventable cause of low birth weight and prematurity. Less appreciated is that maternal smoking during pregnancy is also associated with alterations in pulmonary function at birth and greater incidence of respiratory illnesses after birth. To determine if this is the direct result of nicotine interacting with nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs) during lung development, rhesus monkeys were treated with 1 mg/kg/day of nicotine from days 26 to 134 of pregnancy. Nicotine administration caused lung hypoplasia and reduced surface complexity of developing alveoli. Immunohistochemistry and in situ alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBGT) binding showed that alpha7 nAChRs are present in the developing lung in airway epithelial cells, cells surrounding large airways and blood vessels, alveolar type II cells, free alveolar macrophages, and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC). As detected both by immunohistochemistry and by alphaBGT binding, nicotine administration markedly increased alpha7 receptor subunit expression and binding in the fetal lung. Correlating with areas of increased alpha7 expression, collagen expression surrounding large airways and vessels was significantly increased. Nicotine also significantly increased numbers of type II cells and neuroendocrine cells in neuroepithelial bodies. These findings demonstrate that nicotine can alter fetal monkey lung development by crossing the placenta to interact directly with nicotinic receptors on non-neuronal cells in the developing lung, and that similar effects likely occur in human infants whose mothers smoke during pregnancy.
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Prenatal nicotine exposure caused α7 nAChRs in airway, cartilage, and vessels in rhesus monkeys.
“| [ a7 nAChRs | Prenatal nicotine exposure caused [ a7 nAChRs in airway, | 30 |”
From Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
The Nicotinic receptor immunohistochemistry section reports that prenatal nicotine markedly increased α7 staining in airway epithelial cells, cartilaginous airway wall regions, and blood vessel walls. Figure 2 (p. 640) also shows α7 staining in control fetuses, so the paper supports increased expression, not the claim that nicotine caused the receptors to appear. It does not establish increased expression in cartilage itself. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredNicotine increases expression of a7 receptors in airway cartilage and vessels of fetal lung.
“They also found that nicotine increased expression of a7 receptors in airway cartilage and vessels of fetal lung and that other nicotinic receptor subtypes, although expressed in fetal lung, were not upregulated by nicotine.30”
From Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Nicotine exposure in pregnant rhesus monkeys causes alveolar hypoplasia in offspring.
“Sekhon and colleagues 30 implanted nicotine pumps in pregnant rhesus monkeys and found reduced total body weight and alveolar hypoplasia in the offspring.”
From Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Other nicotinic receptor subtypes expressed in fetal lung are not upregulated by nicotine.
“They also found that nicotine increased expression of a7 receptors in airway cartilage and vessels of fetal lung and that other nicotinic receptor subtypes, although expressed in fetal lung, were not upregulated by nicotine.30”
From Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Nicotine exposure in pregnant rhesus monkeys reduces total body weight in offspring.
“Sekhon and colleagues 30 implanted nicotine pumps in pregnant rhesus monkeys and found reduced total body weight and alveolar hypoplasia in the offspring.”
From Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development (2016) · cites this paper as [30]
Treating pregnant rhesus monkeys with nicotine causes marked increases of α7 nAChR in fibroblasts around fetal lung airways and blood vessels and increases collagen in a similar distribution.
“Treatment of pregnant rhesus monkeys with nicotine causes marked increases of levels of α7 nAChR in fibroblasts surrounding airways and blood vessels in the fetal monkey lung, and increases in collagen in a similar distribution.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [208]
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- Authors
- Sekhon, H. S., Jia, Y., Raab, R., Kuryatov, A., Pankow, J. F., Whitsett, J. A., Lindstrom, J., & Spindel, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spindel, Eliot R.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Investigation
- Published
- 1999-03-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 637-647
- ISSN
- 0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC408124
- OpenAlex
- W2122212067
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 11.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (RR 00163)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL038859, HL-56387, P50HL056387, R37HL038859)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS011323)
- National Center for Research Resources (P51RR000163, K01RR000163, RR-00163.)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD037131, HD/HL-37131)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Keywords
- prenatal nicotine exposure, smoking during pregnancy, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, fetal lung development, pulmonary hypoplasia, alveolar surface area, alveolar type II cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, alpha-bungarotoxin binding, placental transfer, rhesus monkeys, collagen deposition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Female, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Humans, Lung, Nicotine, Pregnancy, Receptors, Nicotinic, Nicotinic Agonists, Maternal Exposure
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