Supranuclear melanin caps reduce ultraviolet induced DNA photoproducts in human epidermis
Open accessAbstract
Melanin can form supranuclear caps in human epidermis, suggesting that intracellular melanin reduces ultraviolet transmission to underlying cell nuclei and inhibits the formation of ultraviolet induced DNA photoproducts. The purpose of this study was to determine the photoprotective effect of epidermal melanin. We irradiated normal human skin explants with ultraviolet B and determined the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and (6-4)photoproducts in individual epidermal cells by indirect immunofluorescence and by laser cytometry using monoclonal antibodies specific for cyclobutane dimers or for (6-4)photoproducts. We found that epidermal cells with supranuclear melanin caps had significantly less DNA photoproducts (both types) than epidermal cells without supranuclear melanin caps. Moreover, the protection factor against both types of photolesions correlated with melanin concentration in epidermal cells. These results indicate that melanin reduces ultraviolet induced DNA photoproducts in human epidermis in a concentration dependent manner.
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A physiological dosage of UV can enhance melanocyte survival and melanogenesis.
“Meanwhile, a physiological dosage of UV can also enhance melanocyte survival and melanogenesis.”
From Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy (2013) · cites this paper as [75]
The Discussion (page not provided) says evidence suggests that UV-induced DNA photoproducts or their repair stimulate melanin synthesis. It does not say that a physiological UV dose enhances melanocyte survival, and its own experiments assessed DNA photoproducts rather than survival or melanogenesis. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious studies showed a significant decrease in the formation of both CPDs and 6-4PP in cells with supranuclear melanin caps compared with cells without these.
“Indeed, previous studies showed a significant decrease in the formation of both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6–4) photoproducts (6–4PP) in cells with supranuclear melanin caps compared with cells without these [ 118 ].”
From Melanin's Journey from Melanocytes to Keratinocytes: Uncovering the Molecular Mechanisms of Melanin Transfer and Processing (2023) · cites this paper as [118]
Melanosomes in dark skin form supranuclear caps in epidermal cells, thereby protecting DNA from the damaging effects of impinging UV rays.
“Melanosomes in dark skin form supranuclear caps in epidermal cells, thereby protecting DNA from the damaging effects of impinging UV rays [ 53 ].”
Physiologically, UVR is known to induce synthesis of melanin in melanocytes, and melanin is important in the protection against harmful effects of UV.
“Physiologically, UVR is known to induce synthesis of melanin in the melanocytes and melanin is important in the protection of harmful effects of UV (Figure 3) [75].”
From Molecular Mechanisms of UV-Induced Apoptosis and Its Effects on Skin Residential Cells: The Implication in UV-Based Phototherapy (2013) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Kobayashi, N., Nakagawa, A., Muramatsu, T., Yamashina, Y., Shirai, T., Hashimoto, M. W., Ishigaki, Y., Ohnishi, T., & Mori, T.
- Affiliations
- Nara Medical University (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Kanazawa University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Mori, Toshio
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 806-810
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979276428
- Cited by
- 257
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 11.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japanese Dermatological Association
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Cosmetology Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Keywords
- melanin, UV-B radiation, DNA photoproducts, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, 6-4 photoproducts, photoprotection, human epidermis, skin explants, melanin content
- MeSH terms
- Aged, DNA, Epidermis, Humans, Male, Melanins, Pyrimidine Dimers, Reference Values, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays
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