Efficacy of an implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring hand grasp in tetraplegia: A multicenter study
Abstract
Objective To evaluate an implanted neuroprosthesis that allows tetraplegic users to control grasp and release in 1 hand.Design Multicenter cohort trial with at least 3 years of follow-up. Function for each participant was compared before and after implantation, and with and without the neuroprosthesis activated.Setting Tertiary spinal cord injury (SCI) care centers, 8 in the United States, 1 in the United Kingdom, and 1 in Australia.Participants Fifty-one tetraplegic adults with C5 or C6 SCIs.Intervention An implanted neuroprosthetic system, in which electric stimulation of the grasping muscles of 1 arm are controlled by using contralateral shoulder movements, and concurrent tendon transfer surgery. Assessed participants' ability to grasp, move, and release standardized objects; degree of assistance required to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), device usage; and user satisfaction.Main outcome measures Pinch force; grasp and release tests; ADL abilities test and ADL assessment test; and user satisfaction survey.Results Pinch force was significantly greater with the neuroprosthesis in all available 50 participants, and grasp-release abilities were improved in 49. All tested participants (49/49) were more independent in performing ADLs with the neuroprosthesis than they were without it. Home use of the device for regular function and exercise was reported by over 90% of the participants, and satisfaction with the neuroprosthesis was high.Conclusions The grasping ability provided by the neuroprosthesis is substantial and lasting. The neuroprosthesis is safe, well accepted by users, and offers improved independence for a population without comparable alternatives.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Epimysial electrodes have been found suitable and reliable in both upper and lower extremity applications in various clinical studies.
“It has been found suitable and reliable in both upper and lower extremity applications in various clinical studies [27, 28].”
From Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems
Stover, S. L., DeLisa, J. A., & Whiteneck, G. G. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Spinal Cord Injury: Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems
Parent, N. (1996) · JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics · doi:10.1097/00008526-199600810-00008 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Smith, B., Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., & Roscoe, D. D. (1987) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.1987.325979 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationImplantable functional neuromuscular stimulation in the tetraplegic hand
Keith, M. W., Peckham, P. H., Thrope, G. B., Stroh, K. C., Smith, B., Buckett, J. R., Kilgore, K. L., & Jatich, J. W. (1989) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(89)80017-6 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Self-citationWuolle, K. S., Doren, C. L. V., Thrope, G. B., Keith, M. W., & Peckham, P. H. (1994) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/0363-5023(94)90008-6 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationMcDowell, C. L., Moberg, E., & House, J. H. (1986) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(86)80213-1 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
An Implanted Upper-Extremity Neuroprosthesis. Follow-up of Five Patients*
KILGORE, K. L., PECKHAM, P. H., KEITH, M. W., THROPE, G. B., WUOLLE, K. S., BRYDEN, A. M., & HART, R. L. (1997) · The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-199704000-00008 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Self-citationMoberg, E., McDowell, C. L., & House, J. H. (1989) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(89)80064-4 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Peckham, P. H., Marsolais, E. B., & Mortimer, J. T. (1980) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(80)80076-1 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationSexual loss in relation to other functional losses for spinal cord injured males.
Rw, H., & Mr, F. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Synthesis of hand grasp using functional neuromuscular stimulation
Kilgore, K. L., Peckham, P. H., Thrope, G. B., Keith, M. W., & Gallaher-Stone, K. A. (1989) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.32109 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationPeckham, P. H., Mortimer, J. T., & Marsolais, E. B. (1980) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/bf02363440 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical evaluation of the bionic glove
Popović, D. B., Stojanović, A., Pjanovic, A., Radosavljević, S., Popović, M., Jović, S., & Vulović, D. (1999) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90141-7 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Neural prostheses : replacing motor function after disease or disability
Stein, R. B., Peckham, P. H., & Popović, D. B. (1992) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationKeith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., Peckham, P. H., Wuolle, K. S., Creasey, G. H., & Lemay, M. A. (1996) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(96)80160-2 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationSnoek, G., IJzerman, M. J., Groen, F. I. `., Stoffers, T. S., & Zilvold, G. (2000) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100980 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Brissot, R., Gallien, P., Bot, M. L., Beaubras, A., Laisné, D., Beillot, J., & Dassonville, J. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200002150-00018 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Rh, N., & Ohry, A. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Evaluation of shoulder movement as a command control source
Johnson, M. W., & Peckham, P. H. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/10.58598 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationSatisfaction with and usage of a hand neuroprosthesis
Wuolle, K. S., Van Doren, C. L., Bryden, A. M., Hunter Peckham, P., Keith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., & Grill, J. H. (1999) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90123-5 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional evaluation of quadriplegic patients using a hand neuroprosthesis.
Wijman, C. A. C., Wuolle, K. S., Doren, C. L. V., Thrope, G. B., Peckham, P. H., & Keith, M. W. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationMulcahey, M. J., Betz, R. R., Smith, B. T., Weiss, A. A., & Davis, S. E. (1997) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90425-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of an upper extremity FES system for individuals with C4 tetraplegia
Smith, B. T., Mulcahey, M. J., & Betz, R. R. (1996) · IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/86.547926 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMotor prosthesis for restoration of upper extremity function
Peckham, P. H. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, B. T., Mulcahey, M. J., & Betz, R. R. (1996) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sc.1996.3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationReduction of Costs of Disability Using Neuroprostheses
Creasey, G. H., Kilgore, K. L., Brown-Triolo, D. L., Dahlberg, J. E., Peckham, P. H., & Keith, M. W. (2000) · Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/10400435.2000.10132010 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationHanda, Y., HANDA, T., ICHIE, M., Murakami, H., Hoshimiya, N., Ishikawa, S., & Ohkubo, K. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smith, B. T., Betz, R. R., Mulcahey, M. J., & Triolo, R. J. (1994) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90668-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Neuromuscular Stimulation: Outcomes in Young People with Tetraplegia
Mulcahey, M. J., Smith, B. T., Betz, R., Triolo, R. J., & Peckham, P. H. (1994) · The Journal of The American Paraplegia Society · doi:10.1080/01952307.1994.11735912 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationFreehafer, A. A., Peckham, P. H., & Keith, M. W. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationNew Concepts on Treatment of the Upper Limb in the Tetraplegic
Freehafer, A. A., Peckham, P. H., & Keith, M. W. (1988) · Hand Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0749-0712(21)01223-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationPatient selection for an upper extremity neuroprosthesis in tetraplegic individuals
Gorman, P. H., Wuolle, K. S., Peckham, P. H., & Heydrick, D. (1997) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3100460 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationOutcome of Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of a Child with C-5 Tetraplegia
Davis, E. S., Mulcahey, M. J., Smith, T. B., & Betz, R. (1999) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.1999.11719555 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationPacemaker Twiddler's Syndrome: A case report
Ellis, G. L. (1990) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/0735-6757(90)90296-c · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Targeting Recovery: Priorities of the Spinal Cord-Injured Population
Anderson, K. D. (2004) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1371 · Cited by 2,094 · see citing works
“Of extreme relevance, however, are past, current, and future studies involving the use of FES to improve arm and hand function for quadriplegics (Peckham et al., 2002, 2001; Bryden et al., 2000; Grill and Peckham, 1998; Keith et al., 1989).”
Ajiboye, A. B., Willett, F. R., Young, D. R., Memberg, W. D., Murphy, B. A., Miller, J. P., Walter, B. L., Sweet, J. A., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30601-3 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
“Failed reaching attempts were categorized as due to: (1) muscle fatigue making it impossible to reach the target even at full stimulation, (2) control interface (FES and MAS) challenges making it difficult to accurately stop within the target region, or (3) failure to decode the correct command signal to move the join…”
Self-citationFunctional Electrical Stimulation for Neuromuscular Applications
Peckham, P. H., & Knutson, J. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140103 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Self-citationPfurtscheller, G., Müller, G. R., Pfurtscheller, J., Gerner, H. J., & Rupp, R. (2003) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(03)00947-9 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Wireless Power Transfer Strategies for Implantable Bioelectronics
Agarwal, K., Jegadeesan, R., Guo, Y., & Thakor, N. V. (2017) · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/rbme.2017.2683520 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
“Cardiac [1], cochlear [2], spinal [3], retinal [4], motor [5], and cortical [6] implants have seen unprecedented growth in the last two decades to have functionality, form factor, and packaging suitable for chronic implantation.”
BackgroundNeuromuscular electrical stimulation in neurorehabilitation
Sheffler, L. R., & Chae, J. (2007) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.20758 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Snoek, G. J., IJzerman, M. J., Hermens, H. J., Maxwell, D. J., & Biering‐Sørensen, F. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101638 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Restoration of grasp following paralysis through brain-controlled stimulation of muscles
Ethier, C., Oby, E. R., Bauman, M. J., & Miller, L. E. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10987 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
EEG-based neuroprosthesis control: A step towards clinical practice
Müller-Putz, G. R., Scherer, R., Pfurtscheller, G., & Rupp, R. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.021 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for skeletal muscle function.
Doucet, B. M. M., Lam, A., & Griffin, L. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Ragnarsson, K. T. (2007) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102091 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Functional priorities, assistive technology, and brain-computer interfaces after spinal cord injury
Collinger, J. L., Boninger, M. L., Bruns, T. M., Curley, K. C., Wang, W., & Weber, D. J. (2013) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.11.0213 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Non-Invasive Activation of Cervical Spinal Networks after Severe Paralysis
Gad, P. N., Lee, S., Terrafranca, N., Zhong, H., Turner, A. E., Gerasimenko, Y., & Edgerton, V. R. (2018) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5461 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“36 The major point here is that theoretically, the networks along the sensory motor axis will be most effective if the reorganization among networks at all levels of this axis is functionally highly synergistic.”
Motor imagery and EEG-based control of spelling devices and neuroprostheses
Neuper, C., Muller-Putz, G. R., Scherer, R., & Pfurtscheller, G. (2006) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)59025-9 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Functional Electrical Stimulation and Spinal Cord Injury
Ho, C., Triolo, R. J., Elias, A. L., Kilgore, K. L., DiMarco, A. F., Bogie, K. M., Vette, A. H., Audu, M. L., Kobetic, R., Chang, S. R., et al. (2014) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2014.05.001 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“thesis was the Freehand trial, initiated by the Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center in 1992.(22) The Freehand neuroprosthesis used an implanted 8-channel receiver-stimulator, and control of grasp opening and closing was achieved through graded elevation of the user’s contralateral shoulder.”
MethodSelf-citationEmulation of computer mouse control with a noninvasive brain–computer interface
McFarland, D. J., Krusienski, D. J., Sarnacki, W. A., & Wolpaw, J. R. (2008) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/5/2/001 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
An Implanted Upper-Extremity Neuroprosthesis Using Myoelectric Control
Kilgore, K. L., Hoyen, H. A., Bryden, A. M., Hart, R. L., Keith, M. W., & Peckham, P. H. (2008) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.01.007 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationChae, J., Yang, G., Park, B. K., & Labatia, I. (2002) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/154596802401105180 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia
Knutson, J. S., Fu, M. J., Sheffler, L. R., & Chae, J. (2015) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2015.06.002 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Motor Restoration in Hemiplegia
Chae, J., Sheffler, L. R., & Knutson, J. S. (2008) · Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/tsr1505-412 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Information conveyed through brain-control: cursor versus robot
Taylor, D. M., Tillery, S. I. H., & Schwartz, A. B. (2003) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2003.814451 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Reaching the targets could have represented selecting letters or groups of letters in a communication task, selecting options from a menu of environmental controls, or choosing between several predefined hand configurations for controlling stimulation of a paralyzed limb [12].”
BackgroundMethodMangold, S., Keller, T., Curt, A. E. P., & Dietz, V. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101644 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Advanced Neurotechnologies for the Restoration of Motor Function
Micera, S., Caleo, M., Chisari, C., Hummel, F. C., & Pedrocchi, A. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.039 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Implanted Neuroprosthesis for Restoring Arm and Hand Function in People With High Level Tetraplegia
Memberg, W. D., Polasek, K. H., Hart, R. L., Bryden, A. M., Kilgore, K. L., Nemunaitis, G. A., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., & Kirsch, R. F. (2014) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.01.028 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationPohlmeyer, E. A., Oby, E. R., Perreault, E. J., Solla, S. A., Kilgore, K. L., Kirsch, R. F., & Miller, L. E. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005924 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“end, functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to restore limited, but functionally important grasping to several hundred human spinal cord injured patients [2,3,4].”
MethodSelf-citationRodent models for treatment of spinal cord injury: research trends and progress toward useful repair
Rosenzweig, E. S., & McDonald, J. W. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-200404000-00007 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The role of electrical stimulation for rehabilitation and regeneration after spinal cord injury
Karamian, B. A., Siegel, N. M., Nourie, B., Serruya, M. D., Heary, R. F., Harrop, J. S., & Vaccaro, A. R. (2022) · Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · doi:10.1186/s10195-021-00623-6 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“The Freehand system developed by Hunter Peckham, Ron Triolo, and colleagues at the Cleveland FES Center was the first hand system to be granted United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval [94].”
BackgroundBasic Advances and New Avenues in Therapy of Spinal Cord Injury
Dobkin, B. H., & Havton, L. A. (2004) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.104338 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Embedded muscle electrode stimulators have also been commercialized for finger pinching and grasping (the FreeHand from Neurocontrol, Cleveland, OH) and for emptying the bowel and bladder (Vocare from Neurocontrol, Cleveland, OH) (38, 39).”
MethodEEG-Based Asynchronous BCI Controls Functional Electrical Stimulation in a Tetraplegic Patient
Pfurtscheller, G., Muller-Putz, G. R., Pfurtscheller, J., & Rupp, R. (2005) · EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing · doi:10.1155/asp.2005.3152 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The Development of Brain-Machine Interface Neuroprosthetic Devices
Patil, P. G., & Turner, D. A. (2008) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2007.11.002 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of a neuroprosthetic limb: a review
Yildiz, K. A., Shin, A. Y., & Kaufman, K. R. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00667-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“It has been found suitable and reliable in both upper and lower extremity applications in various clinical studies [27, 28].”
BackgroundPeckham, P. H., Kilgore, K. L., Keith, M. W., Bryden, A. M., Bhadra, N., & Montague, F. W. (2002) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1053/jhsu.2002.30919 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationContinuous neuronal ensemble control of simulated arm reaching by a human with tetraplegia
Chadwick, E. K., Blana, D., Simeral, J. D., Lambrecht, J. M., Kim, S. P., Cornwell, A. S., Taylor, D. M., Hochberg, L. R., Donoghue, J. P., & Kirsch, R. F. (2011) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/8/3/034003 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Brain Computer Interfaces in Rehabilitation Medicine
Bockbrader, M. A., Francisco, G. E., Lee, R., Olson, J. D., Solinsky, R. J., & Boninger, M. L. (2018) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.05.028 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Assistive FES systems may be implanted, such as the Freehand system (NeuroControl Corporation; available through 2007) and its later incarnations [18,34,36-38] or transcutaneous with large electrode pads [39] or complex arrays of smaller electrodes [13].”
BackgroundMethodGustafson, K. J., Pinault, G. C. J., Neville, J. J., Syed, I., Jr, J. A. D., Jean-Claude, J., & Triolo, R. J. (2009) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2008.08.0097 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Long-term stability of stimulating spiral nerve cuff electrodes on human peripheral nerves”
Christie, B. P., Freeberg, M., Memberg, W. D., Pinault, G. J. C., Hoyen, H. A., Tyler, D. J., & Triolo, R. J. (2017) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-017-0285-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Interfaces with the Peripheral Nerve for the Control of Neuroprostheses
del Valle, J., & Navarro, X. (2013) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-420045-6.00002-x · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mulcahey, M. J., Gaughan, J., Betz, R. R., & Johansen, K. (2006) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101987 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationMuller-Putz, G. R., Scherer, R., Pfurtscheller, G., & Rupp, R. (2006) · Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1515/bmt.2006.011 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mulcahey, M. J., Lutz, C. S., Kozin, S. H., & Betz, R. R. (2003) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0363-5023(03)00485-4 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationLimb-state feedback from ensembles of simultaneously recorded dorsal root ganglion neurons
Weber, D. J., Stein, R. B., Everaert, D. G., & Procházka, A. (2007) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/4/3/s04 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“The first type comprises signals from parts of the body under normal voluntary control, for example shoulder and wrist to control FES of hand muscles (Graupe et al 1982, Peckham et al 2001).”
BackgroundWalking after incomplete spinal cord injury using an implanted FES system: A case report
Hardin, E. C., Kobetic, R., Murray, L. M., Corado-Ahmed, M., Pinault, G. C. J., Sakai, J., Bailey, S. N., Ho, C., & Triolo, R. J. (2007) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2007.03.0333 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
RESTORING FUNCTION AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY
Becker, D., Sadowsky, C. L., & McDonald, J. W. (2003) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/01.nrl.0000038587.58012.05 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Multichannel, implanted FES systems are being used or evaluated for their ability to improve motor function of the upper extremities (98,99).”
MethodDurability of implanted electrodes and leads in an upper-limb neuroprosthesis
Kilgore, K. L., Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., Montague, F. W., Hart, R. L., Gazdik, M. M., Bryden, A. M., Snyder, S. A., & Stage, T. G. (2003) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2003.11.0457 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“The clinical performance and acceptance of first- and second-generation upperlimb neuroprostheses have been reported previously [3,4].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFrom classic motor imagery to complex movement intention decoding
Muller-Putz, G. R., Schwarz, A., Pereira, J., & Ofner, P. (2016) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.017 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The science and engineering behind sensitized brain-controlled bionic hands
Pandarinath, C., & Bensmaı̈a, S. J. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00034.2020 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
Sipski, M. L., & Richards, J. S. (2006) · American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.phm.0000202105.87011.bf · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Intramuscular Hand Neuroprosthesis for Chronic Stroke Survivors
Chae, J., & Hart, R. L. (2003) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/0888439003017002005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Biomimetic Brain Machine Interfaces for the Control of Movement
Fagg, A. H., Hatsopoulos, N. G., de Lafuente, V., Moxon, K. A., Nemati, S., Rebesco, J. M., Romo, R., Solla, S. A., Reimer, J., Tkach, D. C., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3516-07.2007 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The Freehand neuroprosthesis electrically stimulates muscles of the arm and hand to restore grasp function in human patients with spinal cord injury (Keith et al., 1989; Peckham et al., 2001).”
BackgroundWuolle, K. S., Bryden, A. M., Peckham, P. H., Murray, P. K., & Keith, M. W. (2003) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00292-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationBockbrader, M. A., Annetta, N. V., Friedenberg, D. A., Schwemmer, M. A., Skomrock, N. D., Colachis, S. C., Zhang, M., Bouton, C. E., Rezai, A. R., Sharma, G., et al. (2019) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.445 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Intrafascicular peripheral nerve stimulation produces fine functional hand movements in primates
Badi, M., Wurth, S. M., Scarpato, I., Roussinova, E., Losanno, E., Bogaard, A. R., Delacombaz, M., Borgognon, S., Čvančara, P., Fallegger, F., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abg6463 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Design and Testing of an Advanced Implantable Neuroprosthesis With Myoelectric Control
Hart, R. L., Bhadra, N., Montague, F. W., Kilgore, K. L., & Peckham, P. H. (2010) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2010.2079952 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationKobravi, H.-R., & Erfanian, A. (2009) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/6/4/046007 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Miniature Low-Power Inertial Sensors: Promising Technology for Implantable Motion Capture Systems
Lambrecht, J. M., & Kirsch, R. F. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2014.2324825 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cajigas, I., Davis, K., Meschede-Krasa, B., Prins, N. W., Gallo, S., Naeem, J., Palermo, A. E., Wilson, A., Guerra, S., Parks, B. A., et al. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab248 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND MUSCLE STIMULATION
Mortimer, J. T., & Bhadra, N. (2004) · Series on bioengineering and biomedical engineering · doi:10.1142/9789812561763_0020 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Translation of neurotechnologies
Schalk, G., Brunner, P., Allison, B. Z., Soekadar, S., Guan, C.-T., Denison, T., Rickert, J., & Miller, K. J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-024-00185-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Despite substantial investment (US$26m) and promising clinical results 208 , the company’s growth did not meet expectations and was shut down.”
Grahn, P. J., Mallory, G. W., Berry, B. M., Hachmann, J. T., Lobel, D. A., & Luján, J. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00296 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“As the name implies, intramuscular stimulation relies on electrodes implanted directly into the muscle (Crago et al., 1980; Hobby et al., 2001; Peckham et al., 2001, 2002; Peckham and Knutson, 2005; Kilgore et al., 2008).”
BackgroundRupp, R., & Gerner, H. J. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-211-33079-1_55 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“At the end of a 10-weeks postoperative rehabilitation program, the patient had gained a substantial functional benefit [ 14 , 22].”
BackgroundMulcahey, M. J., Betz, R. R., Kozin, S. H., Smith, B. T., Hutchinson, D., & Lutz, C. S. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101573 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor relearning in hemiparesis
Chae, J. (2003) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1047-9651(02)00051-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“in whom neurologic status is not expected to change [44].”
BackgroundReanimating limbs after injury or disease
Stein, R. B., & Mushahwar, V. K. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.07.007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Uhlir, J. P., Triolo, R. J., Davis, J. A., & Bieri, C. (2004) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2004.827224 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Such electrodes have been successfully incorporated into surgically implanted hand grasp neuroprostheses in over 200 individuals world wide, some of whom have been continuous users of the FNS system for over ten years [11].”
BackgroundHerring, E. Z., Graczyk, E. L., Memberg, W. D., Adams, R., Baca-Vaca, G. F., Hutchison, B. C., Krall, J. T., Alexander, B. J., Conlan, E. C., Alfaro, K. E., et al. (2023) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000002769 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Repair and Neurorehabilitation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury
Ruff, R. L., McKerracher, L. J., & Selzer, M. E. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1444.004 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mulcahey, M. J., Smith, B. T., & Betz, R. R. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationIJzerman, M. J., van Til, J. A., & Snoek, G. J. (2008) · Patient · doi:10.2165/1312067-200801040-00008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Bryden, A. M., Hoyen, H. A., Keith, M. W., Mejia, M. S., Kilgore, K. L., & Nemunaitis, G. A. (2016) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2015.11.021 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationThe evolution of nerve transfers for spinal cord injury
Bazarek, S. F., & Brown, J. M. (2020) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113426 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Triceps denervation as a predictor of elbow flexion contractures in C5 and C6 tetraplegia
Bryden, A. M., Kilgore, K. L., Lind, B. B., & Yu, D. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.042 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationSnoek, G. J., IJzerman, M. J., Post, M. W. M., Stiggelbout, A. M., Roach, M. J., & Zilvold, G. (2005) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2004.12.043 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Neurotechnologies to restore hand functions
Losanno, E., Mender, M. J., Chestek, C. A., Shokur, S., & Micera, S. (2023) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-023-00054-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meiners, T., Abel, R. F., Lindel, K., & Mesecke, U. (2002) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101384 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bryden, A. M., Sinnott, A., & Mulcahey, M. J. (2005) · Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation · doi:10.1310/ln94-nmvk-59v3-cc1f · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationDesigning the Optical Interface of a Transcutaneous Optical Telemetry Link
Ackermann, D. M., Smith, B., Wang, X., Kilgore, K. L., & Peckham, P. H. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2007.913411 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“The practical integration of cortical interfacing into clinically relevant systems (such as motor neural prostheses [ 5 ]) will ultimately require a data transmission system that eliminates the wires and connectors which cross the skin.”
BackgroundSelf-citationImplementation of an implantable joint-angle transducer.
Bhadra, N., Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., Montague, F. W., Gazdik, M. M., & Stage, T. G. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain–Computer Interfaces and Assistive Technology
Rupp, R., Kleih, S. C., Leeb, R., Millán, J. D. R., Kübler, A., & Muller-Putz, G. R. (2014) · The International library of ethics, law and technology · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8996-7_2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sasada, S., Kato, K. H., Kadowaki, S., Groiss, S. J., Ugawa, Y., Komiyama, T., & Nishimura, Y. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4674-13.2014 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…to restoring walking ability is functional electrical stimulation (FES), which applies preprogrammed bursts of short electrical pulses to motor nerves or muscles to generate patterned muscle contraction in the paralyzed limb (Peckham et al., 2001; Popovic et al., 2001; Kilgore et al., 2008).”
BackgroundBrain-controlled muscle stimulation for the restoration of motor function
Éthier, C., & Miller, L. E. (2014) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Amadio, P. C. (2011) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/jbjs.j.01752 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Makowski, N. S., Campean, A., Lambrecht, J. M., Buckett, J. R., Coburn, J., Hart, R. L., Miller, M. E., Montague, F. W., Crish, T., Fu, M. J., et al. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems · doi:10.1109/tbcas.2021.3066838 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“hand opening and closing and trunk support [8], [21].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationImplanted neuroprosthesis for assisting arm and hand function after stroke: A case study
Knutson, J. S., Chae, J., Hart, R. L., Keith, M. W., Hoyen, H. A., Harley, M. Y., Hisel, T. Z., Bryden, A. M., Kilgore, K. L., & Peckham, P. H. (2012) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2011.09.0171 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Compared with its predecessor [3], the NP used in this study had 4 more stimulation channels plus 2-channel implanted EMG-recording capability, two-way RF telemetry technology, and a much smaller and lighter external control unit.”
MethodSelf-citationRupp, R., Kreilinger, A., Rohm, M., Kaiser, V., & Muller-Putz, G. R. (2012) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc.2012.6346308 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“G.R. Müller-Putz, A. Kreilinger and V. Kaiser are with the Institute of Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria (email: gernot.mueller@tugraz.at). application is possible [4].”
BackgroundFunctional Electrical Stimulation in Rehabilitation and Neurorehabilitation
Masani, K., & Popović, M. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-74658-4_44 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The future of upper extremity rehabilitation robotics: research and practice
Vu, P. P., Chestek, C. A., Nason, S. R., Kung, T. A., Kemp, S. W. P., & Cederna, P. S. (2020) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.26860 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Overcoming failure: improving acceptance and success of implanted neural interfaces
Dalrymple, A. N., Jones, S. T., Fallon, J. B., Shepherd, R. K., & Weber, D. J. (2025) · Bioelectronic Medicine · doi:10.1186/s42234-025-00168-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“…et al. 2014; Tan et al. 2014); Functional electrical stimulation: (Chaplin 1996; Hardin et al. 2007; Kobetic et al. 1999; Makowski et al. 2021; Peckham et al. 2001); Intramuscular electromyography: (Hart et al. 2011; Heald et al. 2019; Page et al. 2018); Intraspinal microstimulation: (Nashold…”
Makowski, N. S., Knutson, J. S., Chae, J., & Crago, P. E. (2013) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968313505913 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Tigra, W., Dali, M., William, L., Fattal, C., Gélis, A., Divoux, J., Coulet, B., Teissier, J., Guiraud, D., & Coste, C. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-00676-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neuroprosthetic devices: how far are we from recovering movement in paralyzed patients?
Pancrazio, J. J., & Peckham, P. H. (2009) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.09.12 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationLand, N. E., Odding, E., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Bergen, M. P., & Stam, H. J. (2004) · Spinal Cord · doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101588 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Leeb, R., Gubler, M., Tavella, M., Miller, H., & Millán, J. D. R. (2010) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5627412 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“If a peripheral reinnervation surgery is not feasible, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is the best alternative to contract paralyzed or paretic muscles [4], [5].”
BackgroundNeuroprosthesis for individuals with spinal cord injury
Kilgore, K. L., Anderson, K. D., & Peckham, P. H. (2020) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2020.1798106 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“force in every recipient, and there was a significant increase in the ability to manipulate objects of different size and weight [42,43].”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationFES Control of Isometric Forces in the Rat Hindlimb Using Many Muscles
Jarc, A., Berniker, M., & Tresch, M. C. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1109/tbme.2013.2237768 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
An Update on Functional Electrical Stimulation after Spinal Cord Injury
Gorman, P. H. (2000) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/154596830001400402 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationCanny, E., Vansteensel, M. J., van der Salm, S. M. A., Muller-Putz, G. R., & Berezutskaya, J. (2023) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-023-01272-y · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“Implanted FES has been shown to induce grasp movements in individuals with paralysis [221].”
BackgroundOrlin, M. N., Pierce, S. R., Laughton, C. A., Smith, B. T., Johnston, T. E., Shewokis, P. A., & McCarthy, J. J. (2005) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162205001398 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Spinal cord clinical trials and the role for bioengineering
Wilcox, J. T., Cadotte, D. W., & Fehlings, M. G. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.02.028 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Huggins, J. E., Guger, C., Ziat, M., Zander, T. O., Taylor, D., Tangermann, M., Soria‐Frisch, A., Simeral, J. D., Scherer, R., Rupp, R., et al. (2017) · Brain-Computer Interfaces · doi:10.1080/2326263x.2016.1275488 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Thorsen, R., Occhi, E., Boccardi, S., & Ferrarin, M. (2006) · The Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2005.04.0068 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Peckham, P. H., Keith, M. W., Kilgore, K. L., Grill, J. H., Wuolle, K. S., Thrope, G. B., Gorman, P., Hobby, J., Mulcahey, M. J., Carroll, S., Hentz, V. R., & Wiegner, A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 82
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1380-1388
- ISSN
- 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044493647
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000080, 5M01RR 00080)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- tetraplegia, spinal cord injury, hand grasp, grasp and release, tendon transfer, pinch strength, activities of daily living, user satisfaction, upper limb prosthesis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hand, Humans, Male, Prosthesis Design, Quadriplegia, Cohort Studies, Hand Strength, Prostheses and Implants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
