Cited by 205Dialysis and Renal Disease ManagementMental Health Treatment and AccessTreatment of Major Depression

Prevalence of Major Depressive Episode in CKD

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Hedayati, S. Susan, Minhajuddin, Abu T., Toto, Robert D., Morris, David W., Rush, A. John·2009·American Journal of Kidney Diseases

Abstract

Background Depression is prevalent in long-term dialysis patients and is associated with death and hospitalization. Whether depression is present through all chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages or appears after dialysis therapy initiation is not clear. We determined the prevalence of a major depressive episode and other psychiatric illnesses by using a structured gold-standard clinical interview and demographic and clinical variables associated with major depressive episode in patients with CKD.Study design Observational cross-sectional study using a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition)-based structured interview administered by trained persons to 272 consecutive participants. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine demographic and clinical variables associated with major depressive episode.Setting & participants Patients with stages 2 to 5 CKD not treated by using dialysis were consecutively approached and enrolled from a Veterans Affairs CKD clinic.Predictors Demographic and clinical variables.Outcome Major depressive episode diagnosed by using a structured Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition)-based interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.Results The cohort had a mean age of 64.5 +/- 12.0 years. Thirty-eight percent were African American, and 55% had diabetes mellitus. Percentages of patients with stages 2, 3, 4, and 5 CKD were 6%, 38%, 41%, and 14%, respectively. Mean hemoglobin level was 12.5 +/- 2.0 g/dL. The prevalence of a major depressive episode was 21% and did not vary significantly among different CKD stages. Variables associated with a major depressive episode were diabetes mellitus, comorbid psychiatric illness, and history of drug or alcohol abuse.Limitations Single-center study composed of primarily male veterans.Conclusions One in 5 patients with CKD had a major depressive episode. Patients with CKD should be screened routinely for depression given this high prevalence and the independent association of depression with poor outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance dialysis.

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Crossref · 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.03.017

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Authors
Hedayati, S. S., Minhajuddin, A. T., Toto, R. D., Morris, D. W., & Rush, A. J.
Affiliations
  • VA North Texas Health Care System (US)
  • The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
  • National University of Singapore (SG)
Corresponding author
Hedayati, S. Susan
Venue
American Journal of Kidney Diseases
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-09
Volume
54
Issue
3
Pages
424-432
ISSN
0272-6386 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2102774835
Cited by
205
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 16
FWCI
11.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Kidney Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • American Society of Nephrology
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24DK002818, 2K24DK002818-0, P30DK079328)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Dialysis and Renal Disease Management
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
major depressive episode, chronic kidney disease, depression prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity, diabetes mellitus, alcohol and drug abuse, end-stage renal disease, veterans, depression screening, risk factors for depression
MeSH terms
Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Prevalence

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