The Depression Treatment Cascade in Primary Care: A Public Health Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is common and costly. Primary care remains a major access point for depression treatment, yet the successful clinical resolution of depression in primary care is uncommon. The clinical response to depression suffers from a "treatment cascade": the affected individual must access health care, be recognized clinically, initiate treatment, receive adequate treatment, and respond to treatment. Major gaps currently exist in primary care at each step along this treatment continuum. We estimate that 12.5% of primary care patients have had MDD in the past year; of those with MDD, 47% are recognized clinically, 24% receive any treatment, 9% receive adequate treatment, and 6% achieve remission. Simulations suggest that only by targeting multiple steps along the depression treatment continuum (e.g. routine screening combined with collaborative care models to support initiation and maintenance of evidence-based depression treatment) can overall remission rates for primary care patients be substantially improved.
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Only about 5-7% of persons with depression treated in primary care settings would be expected to achieve remission.
“Hence, only about 5- 7% of persons with de pres sion treated in primary care settings would be expected to achieve remission 106 .”
From Treatment‐resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
The Depression Treatment Cascade > Summary estimates that 6% of all primary care patients with past-year depression achieve remission, consistent with the quoted 5–7%. But the claim describes the denominator as persons treated in primary care; the same passage says only 24% of depressed primary care patients receive any treatment. The 6% estimate is not a remission rate among treated patients. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredApproximately 10-15% of patients in primary care present with clinically significant depressive symptoms, and only about half of these cases are diagnosed, of which an estimated 25% are prescribed an antidepressant.
“Approximately 10- 15% of patients in primary care present with clinically significant depressive symptoms, and only about half of these cases are diagnosed, of which an estimated 25% are prescribed an antidepressant 106 .”
From Treatment‐resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
The Prevalence and Summary sections estimate past-year major depressive disorder in 12.5% of primary-care patients and clinical recognition in 47% of those patients, supporting the first two approximations. The Summary estimates that 50% of clinically recognized cases receive any treatment, or 24% of all patients with MDD; it does not say that 25% of diagnosed cases are prescribed an antidepressant. No page numbers are provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReplicated evidence indicates that, of those prescribed antidepressants, the majority discontinue treatment prematurely.
“Replicated evidence indicates that, of those prescribed antidepressants, the majority discontinue treatment prematurely.”
From Treatment‐resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions (2023) · cites this paper as [106]
The ‘Adequacy of treatment’ section reports that many people receiving mental health treatment do not receive adequate care, but it does not say that a majority of those prescribed antidepressants discontinue them prematurely. Searches for antidepressant discontinuation and adherence found no passage establishing that claim; the reference-list mention of treatment discontinuations gives no rate. (LLM, conf=0.73)
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- Authors
- Pence, B. W., O’Donnell, J. K., & Gaynes, B. N.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pence, Brian W.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2012-05-13
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 328-335
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- PMC
- PMC3410049
- OpenAlex
- W2151955213
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (R25 MH080916-01A2)
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Washington University in St. Louis (R25 MH080916-01A2)
- National Institutes of Health
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
- Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (R25 MH080916-01A2)
- Arts and Humanities Research Council
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH080916, R01MH086362, R25MH080916)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, primary care, depression screening, collaborative care, depression remission, treatment gap, public health approach, depression prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Continuity of Patient Care, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Primary Health Care, Public Health, United States, Prevalence
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