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Development and Validation of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for Adults
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The Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaires were developed to screen for functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), serve as inclusion criteria in clinical trials, and support epidemiological surveys. Separate questionnaires were developed for adults, children/adolescents, and infants/toddlers. For the adult questionnaire, we first surveyed 1,162 adults without gastrointestinal disorders, and recommended the 90 th percentile symptom frequency as the threshold for defining what is abnormal. Diagnostic questions were formulated and verified with clinical experts using a recursive process. The diagnostic sensitivity of the questionnaire was tested in 843 patients from 9 gastroenterology clinics, with a focus on clinical diagnoses of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation (FC), and functional dyspepsia (FD). Sensitivity was 62.7% for IBS, 54.7% for FD, and 32.2% for FC. Specificity, assessed in a population sample of 5,931 adults, was 97.1% for IBS, 93.3% for FD, and 93.6% for FC. Excess overlap among IBS, FC, and FD was a major contributor to reduced diagnostic sensitivity, and when overlap of IBS with FC was permitted, sensitivity for FC diagnosis increased to 73.2%. All questions were understandable to at least 90% of individuals, and Rome IV diagnoses were reproducible in ¾ of patients after one month. Validation of the pediatric questionnaires is ongoing.
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“This feature makes the Rome IV criteria potentially more specific than Rome III.”
From British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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In the citing paper
“This change reflected the findings of a normative survey showing that adopting a higher threshold for the frequency of abdominal pain required to meet criteria for IBS would lead to fewer healthy people in the general population being misclassified as having IBS, 9 and therefore risk being 'medicalised', and having to take drugs for the condition.”
From British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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“Our study should also not be extrapolated to the other EDS subtypes, such as vascular EDS, which have recognised and potentially catastrophic gastrointestinal complications. 14”
From Rome IV Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Health Impairment in Subjects With Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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“To overcome these issues, an international consortium published updated guidelines in 2017, whereby far more stringent criteria will hopefully improve the diagnostic specificity of hEDS and allow clear distinction from HSD. 14,15”
From Rome IV Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders and Health Impairment in Subjects With Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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Goodoory, V. C., Guthrie, E., Ng, C. E., Black, C. J., & Ford, A. C. (2022) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.17356 · Cited by 68
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Self-citationMakaroff, K. E., Shergill, J., Lauzon, M., Khalil, C., Ahluwalia, S. C., Spiegel, B. M. R., & Almario, C. V. (2022) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2022.07.012 · Cited by 62
Self-citationIrritable bowel syndrome: what do the new Rome IV diagnostic guidelines mean for patient management?
Whitehead, W. E., Palsson, O. S., & Simrén, M. (2017) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1080/17474124.2017.1292130 · Cited by 62
Self-citationKnowles, S. R., Skvarc, D., Ford, A. C., Palsson, O. S., Bangdiwala, S. I., Sperber, A. D., & Mikocka‐Walus, A. A. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.12.009 · Cited by 61
Self-citationMoezi, P., Salehi, A., Molavi, H., Poustchi, H., Gandomkar, A., Imanieh, M., & Malekzadeh, R. (2018) · Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.15171/mejdd.2018.94 · Cited by 57
Dyssynergic Defecation: A Comprehensive Review on Diagnosis and Management
Sadeghı, A., Akbarpour, E., Majidirad, F., Bor, S., Forootan, M., Hadian, M. R., & Adibi, P. (2023) · The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.5152/tjg.2023.22148 · Cited by 62
“26 Inadequate defecatory propulsion is the other cause of functional defecation disorders besides DD.”
Jehangir, A., & Parkman, H. P. (2017) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v23.i40.7310 · Cited by 57
Self-citationNilholm, C., Roth, B., & Ohlsson, B. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11071662 · Cited by 56
Turco, R., Salvatore, S., Miele, E., Romano, C., Marseglia, G. L., & Staiano, A. (2018) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-018-0495-8 · Cited by 55
Mendelson, C., Sparkes, S., Merenstein, D. J., Christensen, C., Sharma, V., Desale, S. Y., Auchtung, J. M., Kok, C. R., Hallen‐Adams, H. E., & Hutkins, R. W. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1190248 · Cited by 65
Guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome
Pietrzak, A. M., Skrzydło-Radomańska, B., Mulak, A., Lipiński, M., Malecka-Panas, E. I., Reguła, J., & Rydzewska, G. M. (2018) · Gastroenterology Review · doi:10.5114/pg.2018.78343 · Cited by 60
Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms after recovery from COVID‐19
Blackett, J. W., Li, J., Jodorkovsky, D., & Freedberg, D. E. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14251 · Cited by 53
Midenfjord, I., Grinsvall, C., Koj, P., Carnerup, I., Törnblom, H., & Simrén, M. (2021) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14156 · Cited by 52
Anxiety‐related factors associated with symptom severity in irritable bowel syndrome
Black, C. J., Yiannakou, Y., Houghton, L. A., Shuweihdi, F., West, R., Guthrie, E., & Ford, A. C. (2020) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13872 · Cited by 48
Arnaldi, D., Mattioli, P., Raffa, S., Pardini, M., Massa, F., Iranzo, Á., Perissinotti, A., Niñerola‐Baizán, A., Gaig, C., Serradell, M., et al. (2024) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26902 · Cited by 49
“…since the majority of subjects underwent the MMSE, and only MMSE was used for statistical analysis; (3) SCOPA-AUT, 28 constipation questionnaire, 29,30 or clinical interview to assess constipation; (4) 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identi fi cation Test 31 , Snif fi n ’ Sticks 16 items…”
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“This update in definition removes ambiguity in the former classification that included both abdominal pain ‘or discomfort’ and at a lower frequency of symptoms((2)).”
BackgroundGlobal Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Comorbidity With Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions
Trindade, I. A., Hreinsson, J. P., Melchior, C., Algera, J. P., Colomier, E., Törnblom, H., Drossman, D. A., Tack, J. F., Palsson, O. S., Bangdiwala, S. I., et al. (2023) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000002500 · Cited by 49
Self-citationRome IV criteria for FGIDs — an improvement or more of the same?
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Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines for Chronic Constipation 2023
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“…: A multicenter study conducted by the Rome Committee, using a questionnaire based on the Rome IV criteria, reported that 22% of functional constipation cases were complicated by FD [80], while a Japanese study reported that functional constipation is a complication in 13.8% of FD cases [81].”
InfluentialTai, F. W. D., Palsson, O. S., Lam, C. Y., Whitehead, W. E., Sperber, A. D., Tornblom, H., Simren, M., & Aziz, I. (2020) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.13975 · Cited by 44
“20,21 The PHQ-9 categorizes symptoms of depression as none (score: 0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), moderately severe (1519), and severe (20-27).”
BackgroundSelf-citationIon channels, ion channel receptors, and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome
Fuentes, I. M., & Christianson, J. A. (2016) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.12979 · Cited by 44
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The low‐FODMAP diet in the management of functional dyspepsia in East and Southeast Asia
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Metadata
- Authors
- Palsson, O. S., Whitehead, W. E., van Tilburg, M. A. L., Chang, L., Chey, W., Crowell, M. D., Keefer, L., Lembo, A. J., Parkman, H. P., Rao, S. S. C., Sperber, A., Spiegel, B., Tack, J., Vanner, S., Walker, L. S., Whorwell, P., & Yang, Y.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Temple University (US)
- Augusta University (US)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Kingston General Hospital (CA)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Palsson, Olafur S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-05
- Volume
- 150
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1481-1491
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2344547018
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 79 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 43.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastroesophageal reflux and treatments
- Keywords
- Rome IV criteria, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, functional dyspepsia, sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic overlap, reproducibility, questionnaire validation, adults
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