Cited by 363Iron Metabolism and DisordersErythropoietin and Anemia TreatmentFerroptosis and cancer prognosis

Iron Sequestration and Anemia of Inflammation

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Ganz, Tomas, Nemeth, Elizabeta·2009·Seminars in Hematology

Abstract

Anemia of chronic disease, also called anemia of inflammation, is characterized by hypoferremia due to iron sequestration that eventually results in iron-restricted erythropoiesis. During the last decade, the molecular mechanisms of iron sequestration have been found to center on cytokine-stimulated overproduction of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. The inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a particularly prominent inducer of hepcidin, but other cytokines are likely to contribute as well. Hepcidin excess causes the endocytosis and proteolysis of the sole known cellular iron exporter, ferroportin, trapping iron in macrophages and iron-absorbing enterocytes. The supply of iron to hemoglobin synthesis becomes limiting, eventually resulting in anemia. Depending on the details of the underlying disease, other inflammation-related mechanisms may also contribute to anemia.

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Crossref · 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.06.001

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Authors
Ganz, T., & Nemeth, E.
Affiliations
University of California, Los Angeles (US)
Corresponding author
Ganz, Tomas
Venue
Seminars in Hematology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-10
Volume
46
Issue
4
Pages
387-393
ISSN
0037-1963 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1973938903
Cited by
361
References
85
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 33
FWCI
3.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Seminars in Hematology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL091531)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK065029)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Ferroptosis and cancer prognosis
Keywords
anemia of chronic disease, iron sequestration, hypoferremia, hepcidin, interleukin-6, ferroportin, iron regulatory hormone, iron-restricted erythropoiesis, hemoglobin synthesis
MeSH terms
Ferroportin, Anemia, Biological Transport, Erythropoiesis, Hematinics, Hemoglobins, Humans, Inflammation, Iron, Macrophages, Interleukin-6, Enterocytes, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Cation Transport Proteins, Hepcidins

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