Differences in Neuritogenic Activity and Signaling Activation of Madecassoside, Asiaticoside, and Their Aglycones in Neuro-2a cells

Function and regulation of CREB family transcription factors in the nervous system

Lonze, B. E., & Ginty, D. D. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00828-0 · Cited by 2,127 · see citing works

Computational modeling of the dynamics of the MAP kinase cascade activated by surface and internalized EGF receptors

Schoeberl, B., Eichler-Jonsson, C., Gilles, E. D., & Müller, G. I. (2002) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt0402-370 · Cited by 952 · see citing works

GSK3 signalling in neural development

Hur, E., & Zhou, F. (2010) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2870 · Cited by 828 · see citing works

Regulation of Dendritic Morphogenesis by Ras–PI3K–Akt–mTOR and Ras–MAPK Signaling Pathways

Kumar, V., Zhang, M.-X., Swank, M. W., Kunz, J., & Wu, G.-Y. (2005) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2284-05.2005 · Cited by 588 · see citing works

Environmental enrichment promotes improved spatial abilities and enhanced dendritic growth in the rat

Leggio, M. G., Mandolesi, L., Federico, F., Spirito, F., Ricci, B., Gelfo, F., & Petrosini, L. (2005) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.04.009 · Cited by 502 · see citing works

Breaking the neuronal sphere: regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in neuritogenesis

Silva, J. S. D., & Dotti, C. G. (2002) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn918 · Cited by 474 · see citing works

Identification of the Mechanisms Regulating the Differential Activation of the MAPK Cascade by Epidermal Growth Factor and Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells

Kao, S.-C., Jaiswal, R. K., Kölch, W., & Landreth, G. E. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m008870200 · Cited by 381 · see citing works

The duration, magnitude and compartmentalization of ERK MAP kinase activity: mechanisms for providing signaling specificity

Ebisuya, M., Kondoh, K., & Nishida, E. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02505 · Cited by 331 · see citing works

Cell fate decisions are specified by the dynamic ERK interactome

von Kriegsheim, A., Baiocchi, D., Birtwistle, M. R., Sumpton, D. P., Bienvenut, W. V., Morrice, N. A., Yamada, K., Lamond, A. I., Kalna, G., Orton, R. J., et al. (2009) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1994 · Cited by 287 · see citing works

Synthetic oleanane and ursane triterpenoids with modified rings A and C: a series of highly active inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages

Honda, T., Rounds, B. V., Bore, L., Finlay, H. J., Favaloro, Suh, N., Wang, Y., Sporn, M. B., & Gribble, G. W. (2000) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jm0002230 · Cited by 241 · see citing works

Involvement of Akt in neurite outgrowth

Read, D. E., & Gorman, A. M. (2009) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0057-8 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Distinct Neurite Outgrowth Signaling Pathways Converge on ERK Activation

Perron, J. C., & Bixby, J. L. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.1999.0753 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

<i>Centella asiatica</i> accelerates nerve regeneration upon oral administration and contains multiple active fractions increasing neurite elongation in-vitro

Soumyanath, A., Zhong, Y.-P., Yu, X., Bourdette, D., Koop, D. R., Gold, S. A., & Gold, B. G. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/jpp.57.9.0018 · Cited by 150 · see citing works

Roles of the Fast-Releasing and the Slowly Releasing Vesicles in Synaptic Transmission at the Calyx of Held

Sakaba, T. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0182-06.2006 · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Anxiolytic effects of standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) after chronic immobilization stress in mice

Wanasuntronwong, A., Tantisira, M. H., Tantisira, B., & Watanabe, H. (2012) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works

Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice

Matthews, D. G., Caruso, M., Murchison, C. F., Zhu, J. Y., Wright, K. M., Harris, C. J., Gray, N. E., Quinn, J. F., & Soumyanath, A. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8120630 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Recent Updates in Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Potential of Centella asiatica.

Lokanathan, Y., Omar, N., Puzi, N. N. A., Saim, A. B., & Idrus, R. B. H. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic characterization of asiatic acid in Centella asiatica as determined by a sensitive and robust HPLC–MS method

Yuan, Y., Zhang, H., Feng-feng, S. U. N., Sun, S., Zhu, Z., & Chai, Y. (2015) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2015.01.006 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Neurite outgrowth induced by spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, via the tyrosine kinase A receptor pathway

Hur, J., Lee, P., Moon, E., Kang, I., Kim, S., Oh, M. S., & Kim, S. Y. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.08.016 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Asiatic Acid Prevents the Deleterious Effects of Valproic Acid on Cognition and Hippocampal Cell Proliferation and Survival

Welbat, J. U., Sirichoat, A., Chaijaroonkhanarak, W., Prachaney, P., Pannangrong, W., Pakdeechote, P., Sripanidkulchai, B., & Wigmore, P. M. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8050303 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Ras/p38 and PI3K/Akt but not Mek/Erk signaling mediate BDNF-induced neurite formation on neonatal cochlear spiral ganglion explants

Mullen, L., Pak, K. K., Chávez, E., Kondo, K., Brand, Y., & Ryan, A. F. (2011) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.054 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica) extract enhances phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein in neuroblastoma cells expressing amyloid beta peptide

Xu, Y., Cao, Z., Khan, I., & Luo, Y. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-13311 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Pharmacokinetics of a Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica ECa 233 in Rats

Anukunwithaya, T., Tantisira, M. H., Tantisira, B., & Khemawoot, P. (2016) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0042-122344 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Ginsenoside Re and Rd Enhance the Expression of Cholinergic Markers and Neuronal Differentiation in Neuro-2a Cells

Kim, M. S., Yu, J. M., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. B., Kim, S. T., Jang, S. K., Choi, Y. W., Lee, D. I., & Joo, S. S. (2014) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b14-00011 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Differential roles of ERK and JNK in early and late stages of neuritogenesis: a study in a novel PC12 model system

Xiao, J., & Liu, Y. (2003) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01961.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works

Neuritogenic effect of standardized extract of Centella asiatica ECa233 on human neuroblastoma cells

Wanakhachornkrai, O., Pongrakhananon, V., Chunhacha, P., Wanasuntronwong, A., Vattanajun, A., Tantisira, B., Pithi Chanvorachote, B., & Tantisira, M. H. (2013) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-13-204 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

miR-124 Represses ROCK1 Expression to Promote Neurite Elongation Through Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway

Gu, X., Meng, S., Liu, S., Jia, C., Fang, Y., Li, S., Fu, C., Song, Q., Lin, L., & Xuemin, W. (2013) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-013-0190-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Automated Screening of Neurite Outgrowth

Ramm, P., Alexandrov, Y., Cholewinski, A., Cybuch, Y., Nadon, R., & Soltys, B. J. (2003) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/1087057102239779 · Cited by 52 · see citing works

ERK mediates activity dependent neuronal complexity via sustained activity and CREB‐mediated signaling

Ha, S., & Redmond, L. (2008) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20682 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Centella asiatica attenuates Aβ-induced neurodegenerative spine loss and dendritic simplification

Gray, N. E., Zweig, J. A., Murchison, C., Caruso, M., Matthews, D. G., Kawamoto, C., Harris, C. J., Quinn, J. F., & Soumyanath, A. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.02.072 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

Sustained Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation in Neonate 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats after Repeated D1-Dopamine Receptor Agonist Administration: Implications for NMDA Receptor Involvement

Papadeas, S. T., Blake, B. L., Knapp, D. J., & Breese, G. R. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0528-04.2004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Comparative pharmacokinetics between madecassoside and asiaticoside presented in a standardised extract ofCentella asiatica, ECa 233 and their respective pure compound given separately in rats

Hengjumrut, P., Anukunwithaya, T., Tantisira, M. H., Tantisira, B., & Khemawoot, P. (2016) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498254.2016.1273562 · Cited by 45 · see citing works

Antcin A, a steroid-like compound from Antrodia camphorata, exerts anti-inflammatory effect via mimicking glucocorticoids

Chen, Y.-C., Liu, Y., Li, F., Chang, C., Wang, S.-Y., Lee, K.-Y., Li, S., Chen, Y., Jinn, T., & Tzen, J. T. C. (2011) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2011.36 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Structure-related cytotoxicity and anti-hepatofibric effect of asiatic acid derivatives in rat hepatic stellate cell-line, HSC-T6

Dong, M., Jung, S.-H., Kim, H.-J., Kim, J., Zhao, L., Lee, E.-S., Lee, E. H., Yi, J. B., Lee, N., Cho, Y., et al. (2004) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/bf02980124 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Quantitative Assessment of Neurite Outgrowth in PC12 Cells

Harrill, J., & Mundy, W. R. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-170-3_23 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Asiaticoside ameliorates β-amyloid-induced learning and memory deficits in rats by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and reducing inflammatory factors

Zhang, Z., Li, X., Li, D., Luo, M., Li, Y., Li, S., & Jiang, X. (2016) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2016.4004 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Target proteins of ganoderic acid DM provides clues to various pharmacological mechanisms

Liu, J., Shimizu, K., Tanaka, A., Shinobu, W., Ohnuki, K., Nakamura, T., & Kondo, R. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00905 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

Two New Triterpene Glycosides fromCentella asiatica

Rumalla, C. S., Ali, Z., Weerasooriya, A. D., Smillie, T. J., & Khan, I. A. (2010) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1240864 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Polygalasaponin XXXII, a triterpenoid saponin from Polygalae Radix, attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice

Zhou, H., Xue, W., Chu, S., Wang, Z., Li, C., Jiang, Y.-N., Luo, L.-M., Luo, P., Li, G., Zhang, D., et al. (2016) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/aps.2016.17 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Association (micellization) and partitioning of aglycon triterpenoids

Rafat, M., Fong, K. W., Goldsipe, A., Stephenson, B. C., Coradetti, S. T., Sambandan, T. G., Sinskey, A. J., & Rha, C. (2008) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2008.05.046 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Identification of Centella asiatica’s Effective Ingredients for Inducing the Neuronal Differentiation

Jiang, H., Zheng, G., Lv, J., Chen, H., Lin, J.-J., Li, Y., Fan, G., & Ding, X. (2016) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2016/9634750 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The impact of multiple memory formation on dendritic complexity in the hippocampus and anterior cingulate cortex assessed at recent and remote time points

Wartman, B. C., & Holahan, M. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00128 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Synergistic combinations of five single drugs from Centella asiatica for neuronal differentiation

Lin, J.-J., Jiang, H., & Ding, X. (2016) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000000698 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

A review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties of asiaticoside, a major active constituent of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.

He, Z., Hu, Y., Niu, Z., Zhong, K., Liu, T., Yang, M., Ji, L., & Hu, W. (2023) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022.115865 · Cited by 93 · see citing works

Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice

Matthews, D. G., Caruso, M., Murchison, C. F., Zhu, J. Y., Wright, K. M., Harris, C. J., Gray, N. E., Quinn, J. F., & Soumyanath, A. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8120630 · Cited by 86 · see citing works

Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review

Tan, S. C., Bhattamisra, S. K., Chellappan, D. K., & Candasamy, M. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11188475 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

Asiaticoside produces an antidepressant‑like effect in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression in mice, involving reversion of inflammation and the PKA/pCREB/BDNF signaling pathway

Wang, L., Guo, T., Guo, Y., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11305 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

<i>Propionibacterium acnes</i> related anti-inflammation and skin hydration activities of madecassoside, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin from <i>Centella asiatica</i>

Shen, X., Guo, M., Yu, H., Liu, D., Lu, Z., & Lu, Y. (2019) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2018.1547627 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

Perinatal exposure to BDE-47 exacerbated autistic-like behaviors and impairments of dendritic development in a valproic acid-induced rat model of autism

Li, Z., You, M., Che, X., Dai, Y., Xu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112000 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

Asiatic acid: a review on its polypharmacological properties and therapeutic potential against various Maladies

Mushtaq, Z., Imran, M., Hussain, M., Saeed, F., Imran, A., Umar, M., Abdelgawad, M. A., El-Ghorab, A. H., Ahmed, A., Alsagaby, S. A., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Food Properties · doi:10.1080/10942912.2023.2209702 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

A review of neuroprotective properties of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. and its therapeutic effects

Jiang, J., Han, R., Ren, H., Yao, Y., & Jiang, W. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2559122 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Madecassoside encapsulated in alginate chitosan nanoparticles exerts anti-excitotoxicity effects in pilocarpine-induced seizure

Kunjumon, R., Viswanathan, G., Jayasree, D. V., Biju, P. G., Prakash, P., Chakrapani, P. S. B., & Baby, S. (2020) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2020.100004 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Centella asiatica promotes early differentiation, axodendritic maturation and synaptic formation in primary hippocampal neurons

Hannan, M. A., Haque, M. N., Munni, Y. A., Oktaviani, D. F., Timalsina, B., Dash, R., Afrin, T., & Moon, I. S. (2021) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104957 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Acute enhancing effect of a standardized extract of Centella asiatica (ECa 233) on synaptic plasticity: an investigation via hippocampal long-term potentiation

Boondam, Y., Tantisira, M. H., Tilokskulchai, K., Tapechum, S., & Pakaprot, N. (2021) · Pharmaceutical Biology · doi:10.1080/13880209.2021.1893348 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) leaves

Thakurdesai, P. A. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820593-8.00021-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Imaging Study of Madecassoside in Improving Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats

Liang, M., Li, G., Guan, X., Liu, S., Fang, L., Li, T., Dong, J., & Zhou, Q. (2019) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.27003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Neurotrophic Natural Products

Fukuyama, Y., Kubo, M., & Harada, K. (2024) · Fortschritte der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe/Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe/Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Asiaticoside but not its aglycone exhibits neuritogenicity through TrkA receptor signaling: a bridge between ERK1/2-CREB and Akt-GSK3β/RhoA

Nalinratana, N., Meksuriyen, D., & Ongpipattanakul, B. (2019) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001352 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Centella asiatica phytochemical Madecassoside enhances skin wound healing and protects against UVB-induced keratinocyte damage

Sucharitakul, T., Chatkul, P., Satianrapapong, W., Arinno, A., Wachiradejkul, W., Kittayaruksakul, S., Kwanthongdee, J., Chatree, S., Chatsirisupachai, A., & Pongkorpsakol, P. (2025) · Tissue Barriers · doi:10.1080/21688370.2025.2532229 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Efficacy and safety of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. [Apiaceae] as a dietary supplement for glycemic control and lipid regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial in Thailand

Tawanwongsri, W., Mordmuang, A., Phenwan, T., & Siri-Archawawat, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1680647 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Pharmacological Regulation of Mitophagy by Natural Plant Products as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease

Shao, S., Hao, L., Zu, R., Chen, Y., Peng, Z., Peng, Q., Ma, H., & Sun, Y. (2025) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.70131 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Centella asiatica: An ethnobotanical treasure with promising anticancer properties

Sen, S., Siuli, S., & Karati, D. (2026) · Pharmacological Research - Natural Products · doi:10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100490 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Comparative effects of standardized Centella asiatica extract (ECa 233) and its active compound mixture on proteomics and mitochondrial function

Boondam, Y., Pakaprot, N., Yang, M. C., Sandech, N., Maiuthed, A., Samer, J., Prasittisa, K., Ruanpang, J., Care, C., & Chuayboon, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-12622-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The Protective Effect and Mechanism of Baicalin on Postoperative Cognitive Function and Nerves in Aged Rats

Cai, L., Zhou, H., Li, R. H., Jiang, C. H., Xu, M. Y., & Zhang, J. N. (2023) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.spl.609

Neuroprotective effects of the standardized extract of Centella asiatica ECa233 in rotenone-induced parkinson’s disease model

Teerapattarakan, N. (2018) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2018.433

Lactic Acid Bacteria-Mediated Fermentation Drives Metabolic Remodeling of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urb. toward Acidic Triterpenoids with Neuroinflammation-Related Bioactivity

Ryu, D. H., Cho, J. Y., Jung, J. W., Ho, H.-T., Kim, H. M., Park, N.-Y., Ahn, N.-H., Lee, J.-H., Park, J.-S., Lee, D.-S., et al. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c00935

Effect of major triterpenoids of centella asiatica on neurite outgrowth in neuro-2a cells

Nalinratana, N. (2018) · doi:10.58837/chula.the.2018.31

Asiaticoside but not its aglycone exhibits neuritogenicity through TrkA receptor signaling: a bridge between ERK1/2-CREB and Akt-GSK3β/RhoA

Nalinratana, N., Meksuriyen, D., & Ongpipattanakul, B. (2019) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0000000000001352 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review

Bandopadhyay, S., Mandal, S., Ghorai, M., Jha, N. K., Kumar, M., Radha, Ghosh, A., Proćków, J., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., & Dey, A. (2023) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17635 · Cited by 220 · see citing works

Effects of Asiatic Acid on Neurite Outgrowth in Neuro-2a Cells

Asiri, A. (2017) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University)

Transcriptome Analysis of Neuro-2a Cells Treated with Asiatic and Madecassic Acid

Alqam, F. M. (2020) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University)