Serum Myostatin is Upregulated in Obesity and Correlates with Insulin Resistance in Humans
Abstract
Abstract Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have reached an epidemic level, thus novel treatment concepts need to be identified. Myostatin, a myokine known for restraining skeletal muscle growth, has been associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Yet, little is known about the regulation of myostatin in human obesity and insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate the regulation of myostatin in obesity and uncover potential associations between myostatin, metabolic markers and insulin resistance/sensitivity indices. Circulating active myostatin concentration was measured in the serum of twenty-eight severely obese non-diabetic patients compared to a sex and age matched lean and overweight control group (n=22). Insulin resistance/sensitivity was assessed in the obese group. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue specimens from the obese group were collected during elective bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue samples from lean and overweight subjects were collected during elective abdominal surgery. Myostatin concentration was increased in obese compared to lean individuals, while myostatin adipose tissue expression did not differ. Muscle myostatin gene expression strongly correlated with expression of metabolic genes such as IRS1, PGC1α, SREBF1. Circulating myostatin concentration correlated positively with insulin resistance indices and negatively with insulin sensitivity indices. The best correlation was obtained for the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index. Our results point to an interesting correlation between myostatin and insulin resistance/sensitivity in humans, and emphasize its need for further evaluation as a pharmacological target in the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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MSTN levels are negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity.
“The negative correlation between MSTN levels and insulin sensitivity [56] further supports the role of MSTN as a mediator of exercise-induced metabolic improvements.”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
Clinical observations consistently demonstrate that circulating myostatin concentrations are elevated in obese populations and negatively correlate with insulin sensitivity.
“Clinical observations consistently demonstrate that circulating MSTN concentrations are elevated in obese populations and negatively correlate with insulin sensitivity [56].”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
MSTN acts as a mediator of exercise-induced metabolic improvements.
“The negative correlation between MSTN levels and insulin sensitivity [56] further supports the role of MSTN as a mediator of exercise-induced metabolic improvements.”
From Exercise-Induced Myokines in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Protection: A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Amor, M., Itariu, B. K., Moreno-Viedma, V., Keindl, M., Jürets, A., Prager, G., Langer, F., Grablowitz, V., Zeyda, M., & Stulnig, T. M.
- Affiliations
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardio-Metabolic Immunotherapy and Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Göttlicher Heiland Krankenhaus Wien (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Stulnig, Thomas M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 2018-08-03
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 08
- Pages
- 550-556
- ISSN
- 0947-7349 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3646
- OpenAlex
- W2885355036
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Missouri
- National Research Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- myostatin, obesity, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, myokines, skeletal muscle gene expression, adipose tissue, IRS-1, PGC-1α, SREBF1, bariatric surgery
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Obesity, Up-Regulation, Muscle, Skeletal, Myostatin
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