Myofibrillar damage following intense eccentric exercise in man
Abstract
Muscle soreness that has a delayed onset is a common feature among both athletes and untrained individuals who engage in unusual exercises. This study was designed to provide additional morphological data to assess the relevance and significance of our previous findings that the sore muscles contain fibers with disorganized myofibrillar material. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 12 males (mean age 25 +/- 7 years), who suffered from severe soreness in their thigh muscles 18--72 h following eccentric bicycle exercise. Their strength performance were tested in parallel. Knee extensor strength was decreased at all angular velocities soon after exercise but gradually increased over the subsequent days although slower at the fastest contractions. Disturbances of the cross-striated band pattern were constantly observed. They originated from the myofibrillar Z-band, which showed marked streaming, broadening and, at places, total disruption. The disturbances were found in every second to every third fiber up to 3 days after exercise and in one tenth of the fibers 6 days following the exercise. Type 2 fibers were predominantly affected. Thus, the eccentric exercise gives rise to muscles soreness and influences, on mechanical basis and selectively with regard to fiber type, the fine structure of the contractile apparatus.
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Disruptions to sarcomeric and sarcolemmal structures have been observed within days of the eccentric exercise bout.
“As the normal progression of damage and regeneration processes occur, disruptions to sarcomeric (contractile apparatus) and sarcolemmal (membrane) structures have been observed within days of the eccentric exercise bout (35, 55, 56).”
From Phytoecdysteroids Accelerate Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function Following in vivo Eccentric Contraction-Induced Injury in Adult and Old Mice (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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Differences in rat skeletal muscles after incline and decline running
Lynn, R., Talbot, J. A., & Morgan, D. L. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.98 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
“While the most direct evidence of muscle damage is probably histological evidence, this is very difficult to quantify because of the extreme sampling difficulties and the continued development of histological changes for days and even weeks after eccentric contraction exercise (10, 14).”
BackgroundRelationships between craniofacial pain and bruxism*
Svensson, P. J., Jadidi, F., Arima, T., Baad‐Hansen, L., & Sessle, B. J. (2008) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2842.2008.01852.x · Cited by 193 · see citing works
The inflammatory response: friend or enemy for muscle injury?: Figure 1
Toumi, H., & Best, T. M. (2003) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.37.4.284 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“13 Repeated eccentric contractions of skeletal muscle can lead to an immediate loss of isometric force production that is the result of excitation/ contraction uncoupling and damage to force producing or transmitting structures.”
BackgroundPrevention and Treatment of Overuse Tendon Injuries
Hess, G. P., Cappiello, W. L., Poole, R. M., et al. (1989) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-198908060-00005 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Madeleine, P. (2010) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02145.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“However, muscle soreness is thought to result from an inflammatory reaction in the muscle evoked by the release of algogenic substances after structural damage, i.e. disruption of the muscle fibres (Friden et al. 1983) and connective tissue (Newham et al. 1987).”
BackgroundSepsis stimulates release of myofilaments in skeletal muscle by a calcium‐dependent mechanism
Williams, A. B., deCourten-Myers, G., Fischer, J. E., Luo, G., Sun, X., & Hasselgren, P.-O. J. (1999) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.13.11.1435 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Muscular soreness following prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running
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Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Part I: Pathogenesis and Diagnostics
Hotfiel, T., Freiwald, J., Hoppe, M., Lutter, C., Forst, R., Grim, C., Bloch, W., Hüttel, M., & Heiss, R. U. (2018) · Sportverletzung · Sportschaden · doi:10.1055/a-0753-1884 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“In fact, biopsy analysis of eccentric strained muscle tissue has proved a loss of myofibrillar integrity with Z-band streaming and a disruption of sarcomeres in the myofibrils [7, 8, 20] (▶ Fig.”
BackgroundSMITH, L. L., Keating, M. N., Holbert, D., et al. (1994) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.1994.19.2.93 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Exercise-induced muscle damage: mechanism, assessment and nutritional factors to accelerate recovery
Markus, I., Constantini, K., Hoffman, J. R., Bartolomei, S., & Gepner, Y. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04566-4 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Chaabène, H., Prieske, O., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0907-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Yu, J., Carlsson, L. M. S., & Thornell, L. (2004) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-004-0625-9 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“…that mimic human eccentric contractions, myofibrillar damage is usually referred to as any disturbance of the myofiber cross-striated band pattern (Friden et al. 1983; Newham et al. 1983; Ogilvie et al. 1988; Lieber et al. 1991; Brooks et al. 1995; Gibala et al. 1995; Stupka et al. 2001; Feasson…”
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Koh, T. J., & Escobedo, J. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2003 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Because the z-disk and the membrane have been identified as sites prone to disruption after lengthening contractions in this and previous studies (16, 39), small HSP translocation to these sites may reflect a protective role against further disruption or a role in repair of damaged structures.”
Chronic eccentric exercise: improvements in muscle strength can occur with little demand for oxygen
LaStayo, P. C., Reich, T. E., Urquhart, M. R., Hoppeler, H. H., & Lindstedt, S. L. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.2.r611 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
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Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage impairs muscle glycogen repletion
O’Reilly, K., Warhol, M. J., Fielding, R. A., Frontera, W. R., Meredith, C. N., & Evans, W. J. (1987) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.1.252 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Do muscles function as adaptable locomotor springs?
Lindstedt, S. L., Reich, T. E., Keim, P., et al. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.205.15.2211 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fridén, J., Sjöström, M., & Ekblom, B.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Sports Medicine
- Publisher
- Georg Thieme Verlag KG
- Published
- 1983-08
- Volume
- 04
- Issue
- 03
- Pages
- 170-176
- ISSN
- 0172-4622 (ISSN-L)
- 1439-3964
- OpenAlex
- W2006955286
- Cited by
- 1,005
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 15.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Muscular Dystrophy Association
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- delayed onset muscle soreness, eccentric exercise, myofibrillar damage, muscle fiber ultrastructure, fast-twitch muscle, quadriceps strength, muscle strength recovery, exercise-induced muscle damage, thigh muscle
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Biopsy, Physical Exertion, Humans, Knee, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Mitochondria, Muscle, Muscle Contraction, Myofibrils, Pain, Time Factors
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