Cited by 7,449Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthAcute Myocardial Infarction ResearchCancer, Lipids, and Metabolism

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia

Open access

Shepherd, James, Cobbe, Stuart M., Ford, Ian, Isles, Christopher G., Lorimer, A. Ross, Macfarlane, Peter W., McKillop, James H., Packard, Christopher J.·1995·New England Journal of Medicine

DOI 10.1056/nejm199511163332001

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood cholesterol level may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of pravastatin to men with hypercholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease. METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 men, 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma cholesterol level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive pravastatin (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national death registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: Pravastatin lowered plasma cholesterol levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease) in the placebo group, and 174 in the pravastatin group (relative reduction in risk with pravastatin, 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal myocardial infarctions (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), death from coronary heart disease (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and death from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the pravastatin group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of death from any cause in the pravastatin group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with pravastatin significantly reduced the incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of death from noncardiovascular causes in men with moderate hypercholesterolemia and no history of myocardial infarction.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1056/nejm199511163332001

Cites

26 of 26 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel II)
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881
A Multiple Testing Procedure for Clinical Trials
O'Brien, P. C., & Fleming, T. R. (1979) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530245 · Cited by 3,311
The Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial Results: I. Reduction in Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
(1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03340270029025 · Cited by 2,747
MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Medical Research Council Working Party.
(1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6488.97 · Cited by 1,491
Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research
Collett, D. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3115-3 · Cited by 1,064
A co-operative trial in the primary prevention of ischaemic heart disease using clofibrate. Report from the Committee of Principal Investigators.
Oliver, M., Heady, J., Morris, J. N., Cooper, J., Geizerova, H., Gyárfás, I., Green, K., Strasser, T., Macfie, W. G., Scott, E., et al. (1978) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.40.10.1069 · Cited by 1,047
Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research.
McLachlan, G. J., & Collett, D. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533471 · Cited by 1,023
Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderately elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS).
Jukema, J., Bruschke, A. V., van Boven, A. J., Reiber, J., Bal, E., Zwinderman, A., Jansen, H., Boerma, G., van Rappard, F. M., & Kong, L. I. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.10.2528 · Cited by 911
Effect of lovastatin on early carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) Research Group.
Furberg, C. D., Adams, H. P., Applegate, W. B., Byington, R. P., Espeland, M. A., Hartwell, T., Hunninghake, D. B., Lefkowitz, D. S., Probstfield, J. L., & Riley, W. A. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.4.1679 · Cited by 865

Show all 26 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

10.1001/jama.251.3.351 · DOI · Paper page
1994, Lancet, 344, 1383
1992, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2, 113
Macfarlane PW, 1990, Eur Heart J, 11, 411

Sorted by citations

Atherosclerosis--an inflammatory disease
Ross, R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199901143400207 · Cited by 21,725
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581
The Effect of Pravastatin on Coronary Events after Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Average Cholesterol Levels
Sacks, F. M., Pfeffer, M. A., Moye, L. A., Rouleau, J. L., Rutherford, J. D., Cole, T. G., Brown, L., Warnica, J. W., Arnold, J. M. O., Wun, C.-C., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199610033351401 · Cited by 7,439
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a · Cited by 7,081
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebocontrolled trial
(2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09327-3 · Cited by 6,992
Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Merz, C. N. B., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000133317.49796.0e · Cited by 6,902
Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins
(2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67394-1 · Cited by 6,848
Rosuvastatin to Prevent Vascular Events in Men and Women with Elevated C-Reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F. A. H., Genest, J., Gotto, A. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Libby, P., Lorenzatti, A. J., MacFadyen, J. G., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807646 · Cited by 6,674
Self-citation
Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61350-5 · Cited by 6,550
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000625 · Cited by 6,185
‘Mendelian randomization’: can genetic epidemiology contribute to understanding environmental determinants of disease?*
Davey Smith, G., & Ebrahim, S. (2003) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyg070 · Cited by 5,882
C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women
Ridker, P. M., Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., & Rifai, N. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200003233421202 · Cited by 5,850
Primary Prevention of Acute Coronary Events With Lovastatin in Men and Women With Average Cholesterol Levels: Results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS
Downs, J. R., Clearfield, M., Weis, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D. R., Beere, P. A., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E. A., Kruyer, W., Gotto, Jr., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.20.1615 · Cited by 5,236
Prevention of Cardiovascular Events and Death with Pravastatin in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and a Broad Range of Initial Cholesterol Levels
(1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199811053391902 · Cited by 5,261
Intensive versus Moderate Lipid Lowering with Statins after Acute Coronary Syndromes
Cannon, C. P., Braunwald, E., McCabe, C. H., Rader, D. J., Rouleau, J. L., Belder, R., Joyal, S. V., Hill, K. A., Pfeffer, M. A., & Skene, A. M. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040583 · Cited by 4,938
2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000678 · Cited by 4,536
Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes
Cannon, C. P., Blazing, M. A., Giugliano, R. P., McCagg, A., White, J. A., Theroux, P., Darius, H., Lewis, B. S., Ophuis, T. O., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1410489 · Cited by 4,487
2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002 · Cited by 3,845
Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Sever, P., Dahlöf, B., Poulter, N. R., Wedel, H., Beevers, G., Caulfield, M. J., Collins, R., Kjeldsen, S. E., Kristinsson, A., McInnes, G. T., et al. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12948-0 · Cited by 3,790
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary
Graham, I., Atar, D., Borch‐Johnsen, K., Boysen, G., Burell, G. K., Cífková, R., Dallongeville, J., Backer, G. D., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Gjelsvik, B., et al. (2007) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316 · Cited by 3,865
1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension
Subcommittee, G. (1999) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199917020-00001 · Cited by 3,921
ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias
Reiner, Ž., Catapano, A. L., De Backer, G., Graham, I., Taskinen, M.-R., Wiklund, O., Agewall, S., Alegria, E., Chapman, M. J., Durrington, P., et al. (2011) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehr158 · Cited by 3,549
Gemfibrozil for the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Men with Low Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
Rubins, H. B., Robins, S. J., Collins, D., Fye, C. L., Anderson, J. W., Elam, M. B., Faas, F. H., Linares, E., Schaefer, E. J., Schectman, G., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410604 · Cited by 3,439
Pravastatin in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease (PROSPER): a randomised controlled trial
Shepherd, J., Blauw, G. J., Murphy, M. B., Bollen, E. L., Buckley, B. M., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Gaw, A., Hyland, M., Jukema, J. W., et al. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11600-x · Cited by 3,378
2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias
Catapano, A. L., Graham, I., De Backer, G., Wiklund, O., Chapman, M. J., Drexel, H., Hoes, A. W., Jennings, C. S., Landmesser, U., Pedersen, T. R., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw272 · Cited by 3,162
MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial
(2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13636-7 · Cited by 2,876
The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials
Collaborators, C. T. T. (. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60367-5 · Cited by 2,833
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol
Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.003 · Cited by 2,691
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis
Yokoyama, M., Origasa, H., Matsuzaki, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Saito, Y., Ishikawa, Y., Oikawa, S., Sasaki, J., Hishida, H., Itakura, H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60527-3 · Cited by 2,516
Endothelial Dysfunction
Bonetti, P. O., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000051384.43104.fc · Cited by 2,234
Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: A meta-analysis
Collaborators, C. T. T. (. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60104-x · Cited by 2,081
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Mild Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction
Suwaidi, J. M. S. A., Hamasaki, S., Higano, S. T., Nishimura, R. A., Holmes, D. R., & Lerman, A. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.9.948 · Cited by 2,044
Risk factors for coronary artery disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: United Kingdom prospective diabetes study (UKPDS: 23)
Turner, R. C., Millns, H., Neil, H. A. W., Stratton, I. M., Manley, S. E., Matthews, D. R., & Holman, R. R. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7134.823 · Cited by 2,014
PLEIOTROPIC EFFECTS OF STATINS
Liao, J. K., & Laufs, U. (2005) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.45.120403.095748 · Cited by 1,994
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death
Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., CHAITMAN, B. R., FROMER, M. A., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G. J., Myerburg, R. J., Quiñones, M. A., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.010 · Cited by 1,975
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.010 · Cited by 1,896
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Miller, M., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C., Bittner, V., Criqui, M. H., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. S., Kris-Etherton, P. M., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182160726 · Cited by 1,871
Prescribing Personalized Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: Are We Ready?
Juma, S., Imrhan, V., Vijayagopal, P., & Prasad, C. (2014) · Lifestyle Genomics · doi:10.1159/000370213 · Cited by 1,908
Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase by HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Laufs, U., Fata, V. L., Plutzky, J., & Liao, J. K. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.12.1129 · Cited by 1,837
2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: Executive Summary
Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.11.002 · Cited by 1,751
Population Trends in the Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Yeh, R. W., Sidney, S., Chandra, M., Sorel, M. E., Selby, J. V., & Go, A. S. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0908610 · Cited by 1,749
Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality Risk
Tonelli, M. A., Wiebe, N., Culleton, B. F., House, A. A., Rabbat, C., Fok, M. N., McAlister, F. A., & Garg, A. X. (2006) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2005101085 · Cited by 1,680
The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation Guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients
Costanzo, M. R., Costanzo, M. R., Dipchand, A. I., Starling, R. C., Anderson, A. S., Chan, M. C. Y., Desai, S., Fedson, S., Fisher, P. W., Gonzales-Stawinski, G. V., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2010.05.034 · Cited by 1,663
Untitled work
Graham (2007) · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000277983.23934.c9 · Cited by 1,647
Effect of Statin Therapy on C-Reactive Protein Levels
Albert, M. A., Danielson, E., Rifai, N., Ridker, P. M., & for the PRINCE Investigators (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.1.64 · Cited by 1,644
HDL cholesterol, very low levels of LDL cholesterol, and cardiovascular events
Barter, P., Gotto, A. M., LaRosa, J. C., Maroni, J., Szarek, M., Grundy, S. M., Kastelein, J. J. P., Bittner, V., & Fruchart, J.-C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa064278 · Cited by 1,610
The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness
Firth, J., Siddiqi, N., Koyanagi, A., Siskind, D., Rosenbaum, S., Galletly, C., Allan, S., Caneo, C., Carney, R., Carvalho, A. F., et al. (2019) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30132-4 · Cited by 1,531
West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study: identification of high-risk groups and comparison with other cardiovascular intervention trials
(1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)04292-4 · Cited by 1,564
Measurement of C-reactive protein for the targeting of statin therapy in the primary prevention of acute coronary events
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Clearfield, M., Downs, J. R., Weis, S. E., Miles, J. S., & Gotto, A. M. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200106283442601 · Cited by 1,557
Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines
Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., Bairey Merz, C. N., Brewer, H. B., Clark, L. T., Hunninghake, D. B., Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., & Stone, N. J. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.07.001 · Cited by 1,550
Metabolic Syndrome With and Without C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study
Sattar, N., Gaw, A., Scherbakova, O., Ford, I., O’Reilly, D. S. J., Haffner, S. M., Isles, C., Macfarlane, P. W., Packard, C. J., Cobbe, S. M., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000080897.52664.94 · Cited by 1,506
Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Silverman, M. G., Ference, B. A., Im, K., Wiviott, S. D., Giugliano, R. P., Grundy, S. M., Braunwald, E., & Sabatine, M. S. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.13985 · Cited by 1,483
Contradicted and Initially Stronger Effects in Highly Cited Clinical Research
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.2.218 · Cited by 1,465
Long-Term Effects of Pravastatin on Plasma Concentration of C-reactive Protein
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Pfeffer, M. A., Sacks, F. M., & Braunwald, E. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.3.230 · Cited by 1,471
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)
Thakker, R. V., Newey, P. J., Walls, G. V., Bilezikian, J. P., Dralle, H., Ebeling, P. R., Melmed, S. K., Sakurai, A., Tonelli, F., & Brandi, M. L. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1230 · Cited by 1,500
Statin-associated myopathy
Thompson, P. D., Clarkson, P., & Karas, R. H. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.13.1681 · Cited by 1,463
Cardiovascular Medicine at the Turn of the Millennium: Triumphs, Concerns, and Opportunities
Braunwald, E. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199711063371906 · Cited by 1,426
High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: Potential Adjunct for Global Risk Assessment in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Ridker, P. M. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.13.1813 · Cited by 1,402
Coronary bypass graft fate and patient outcome: Angiographic follow-up of 5,065 grafts related to survival and reoperation in 1,388 patients during 25 years
FitzGibbon, G. M., Kafka, H. P., Leach, A. J., Keon, W. J., Hooper, G. D., & Burton, J. R. (1996) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(96)00206-9 · Cited by 1,346
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk by Use of Multiple-Risk-Factor Assessment Equations: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology
Grundy, S. M., Pasternak, R., Greenland, P., Smith, S., & Fuster, V. (1999) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.100.13.1481 · Cited by 1,315
Secondary Prevention by Raising HDL Cholesterol and Reducing Triglycerides in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study
(2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.1.21 · Cited by 1,273
Pleiotropic Effects of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors
Takemoto, M., & Liao, J. K. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/hq1101.098486 · Cited by 1,274
Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004—BHS IV
Williams, B., Poulter, N. R., Brown, M. J., Davis, M., McInnes, G. T., POTTER, J. F., Sever, P. S., & Thom, S. (2004) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001683 · Cited by 1,268
Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice: Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention1European Society of Cardiology, European Atherosclerosis Society, European Society of Hypertension, International Society of Behavioural Medicine, European Society of General Practice/Family Medicine, European Heart Network.1,2Published simultaneously in the European Heart Journal 1998;19:1434–1503 and the Journal of Hypertension (Summary only) 1998;16(10).2
Wood, D., Backer, G. D., Færgeman, O., Graham, I. D., Mancia, G., & Pyörälà, K. (1998) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(98)90209-x · Cited by 1,253
Mendelian randomization: prospects, potentials, and limitations
Smith, G. D. (2004) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyh132 · Cited by 1,222
Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on the Cardiovascular System
Oesterle, A., Laufs, U., & Liao, J. K. (2017) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.116.308537 · Cited by 1,247
Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients
Benner, J. S. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.4.455 · Cited by 1,232
Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Francis, G. L., Waguespack, S. G., Bauer, A. J., Angelos, P., Benvenga, S., Cerutti, J. M., Dinauer, C., Hamilton, J. K., HAY, I. D., Luster, M., et al. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0460 · Cited by 1,273
Mild to moderate muscular symptoms with high-dosage statin therapy in hyperlipidemic patients--the PRIMO study
Bruckert, E., Hayem, G., Dejager, S., Yau, C., & Bégaud, B. (2005) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-005-5686-z · Cited by 1,226
Incremental Prognostic Value of Myocardial Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography for the Prediction of Cardiac Death
Hachamovitch, R., Berman, D. S., Shaw, L. J., Kiat, H., Cohen, I., Cabico, J. A., Friedman, J. D., & Diamond, G. A. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.6.535 · Cited by 1,221
Current Perspectives on Statins
Maron, D. J., Fazio, S., & Linton, M. F. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.2.207 · Cited by 1,216
JBS 2: Joint British Societies' guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice
Prepared, B. (2005) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.079988 · Cited by 1,223
Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: an update
Schächter, M. (2004) · Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2004.00299.x · Cited by 1,247
1999 World Health Organization-International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension
Chalmers, J. P., MacMahon, S., Mancia, G., Whitworth, J., Beilin, L., Hansson, L., Neal, B. C., Rodgers, A., Mhurchu, C. N., & Clark, T. (1999) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641969909061028 · Cited by 1,224
2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Executive Summary
Arnett, D. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Albert, M. A., Buroker, A. B., Goldberger, Z. D., Hahn, E. J., Himmelfarb, C. D., Khera, A., Lloyd-Jones, D., McEvoy, J. W., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.009 · Cited by 1,193
2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult
Anderson, T. J., Grégoire, J., Pearson, G. J., Barry, A. R., Couture, P., Dawes, M., Francis, G. A., Genest, J., Grover, S., Gupta, M., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510 · Cited by 1,173
Effect of Evolocumab on Progression of Coronary Disease in Statin-Treated Patients: The GLAGOV Randomized Clinical Trial
Nicholls, S. J., Puri, R., Anderson, T., Ballantyne, C. M., Cho, L., Kastelein, J. J. P., Koenig, W., Somaratne, R., Kassahun, H., Yang, J., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16951 · Cited by 1,178
A Randomized Trial of Intensive Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Cowell, S. J., Newby, D. E., Prescott, R. J., Bloomfield, P., Reid, J., Northridge, D. B., & Boon, N. A. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa043876 · Cited by 1,146
Prevention of coronary heart disease in clinical practice Recommendations of the Second Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention
Second Joint Task Force of European (1998) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.1998.1243 · Cited by 1,131
ACC/AHA/NHLBI Clinical Advisory on the Use and Safety of Statins
Writing Committee Members:, Pasternak, R. C., Smith, S. C., Bairey-Merz, C. N., Grundy, S. M., Cleeman, J. I., & Lenfant, C. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000032466.44170.44 · Cited by 1,088
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease
Jellinger, P. S., Handelsman, Y., Rosenblit, P. D., Bloomgarden, Z. T., Fonseca, V. A., Garber, A. J., Grunberger, G., Guerin, C. K., Bell, D. S. H., Mechanick, J. I., et al. (2017) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep171764.appgl · Cited by 1,094
The UKPDS risk engine: a model for the risk of coronary heart disease in Type II diabetes (UKPDS 56)
STEVENS, R. J., KOTHARI, V., ADLER, A. I., & STRATTON, I. M. (2001) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20000335 · Cited by 1,084
Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes
Jackevicius, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.4.462 · Cited by 1,077
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society
Zipes, D. P., Camm, A. J., Borggrefe, M., Buxton, A. E., Chaitman, B., Fromer, M., Gregoratos, G., Klein, G., Moss, A. J., Myerburg, R. J., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.178233 · Cited by 1,080
Lowering blood homocysteine with folic acid based supplements: meta-analysis of randomised trials
Homocysteine Lowering Trialists' Collaboration (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7135.894 · Cited by 1,085
Efficacy and Safety of Plant Stanols and Sterols in the Management of Blood Cholesterol Levels
Katan, M., Grundy, S. M., Jones, P. J. H., Law, M., Miettinen, T. A., & Paoletti, R. (2003) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/78.8.965 · Cited by 1,078
Prognostic Significance of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Patients
Perticone, F., Ceravolo, R., Pujia, A., Ventura, G., Iacopino, S., Scozzafava, A., Ferraro, A., Chello, M., Mastroroberto, P., Verdecchia, P., et al. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.104.2.191 · Cited by 1,059
Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20 536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions
Collins, R., Armitage, J., Parish, S., Sleight, P., & Peto, R. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)15690-0 · Cited by 1,060
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase mRNA Stability by Rho GTPase
Laufs, U., & Liao, J. K. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.37.24266 · Cited by 1,035
The Lipid Treatment Assessment Project (L-TAP)
Pearson, T. A., Laurora, I., Chu, H., & Kafonek, S. D. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.4.459 · Cited by 1,012
Pravastatin Treatment Increases Collagen Content and Decreases Lipid Content, Inflammation, Metalloproteinases, and Cell Death in Human Carotid Plaques
Crisby, M., Fredrikson, G. N., Shah, P. K., Yano, J., Zhu, J., & Nilsson, J. Å. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.7.926 · Cited by 999
Clinical Practice Recommendations
Fowler, M. J. (2011) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diaclin.29.4.163 · Cited by 996
Coronary Calcification, Coronary Disease Risk Factors, C-Reactive Protein, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events
Arad, Y., Goodman, K. J., Roth, M., Newstein, D., & Guerci, A. D. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.088 · Cited by 982
Thematic review series: brain lipids. Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system during early development and in the mature animal
Dietschy, J. M., & Turley, S. D. (2004) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r400004-jlr200 · Cited by 1,095
Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Endres, M., Laufs, U., Huang, Z., Nakamura, T., Huang, P. L., Moskowitz, M. A., & Liao, J. K. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.15.8880 · Cited by 957
An Introduction to Markov Modelling for Economic Evaluation
Briggs, A. H., & Sculpher, M. J. (1998) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199813040-00003 · Cited by 960
Simvastatin, an HMG–Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitor, Improves Endothelial Function Within 1 Month
O’Driscoll, G., Green, D., & Taylor, R. R. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.5.1126 · Cited by 947
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study): a prospective randomised controlled trial
Nakamura, H., Arakawa, K., Itakura, H., Kitabatake, A., Goto, Y., Toyota, T., Nakaya, N., Nishimoto, S., Muranaka, M., Yamamoto, A., et al. (2006) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69472-5 · Cited by 941
Effect of fluvastatin on cardiac outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Holdaas, H., Fellström, B., Jardine, A. G., Holme, I., Nyberg, G., Fauchald, P., Grönhagen-Riska, C., Madsen, S., Neumayer, H.-H., Cole, E., et al. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13638-0 · Cited by 919
Lifetime risk of developing coronary heart disease
Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Larson, M. G., Beiser, A., & Levy, D. A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)10279-9 · Cited by 943

Authors: Shepherd, J., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Isles, C. G., Lorimer, A. R., Macfarlane, P. W., McKillop, J. H., & Packard, C. J.
Affiliations: Glasgow Royal Infirmary (GB)
University of Glasgow (GB)
NHS Dumfries and Galloway (GB)
ORCID: Ford, Ian
Macfarlane, Peter W.
Venue: New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society
Published: 1995-11-16
Volume: 333
Issue: 20
Pages: 1301-1308
ISSN: 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
1533-4406
DOI: 10.1056/nejm199511163332001
OpenAlex: W2155598961
Semantic Scholar: 1aa5f64bbe1d0c4c74fc3de7c89ac2dffb48630a
Cited by: 7,449
References: 26
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 108 · 2017: 121 · 2016: 157 · 2015: 137 · 2014: 177 · 2013: 215 · 2012: 197
FWCI: 344.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bristol-Myers Squibb
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
Keywords: pravastatin, hypercholesterolemia, coronary heart disease prevention, statins, LDL cholesterol lowering, nonfatal myocardial infarction, cardiovascular mortality, men, cholesterol-lowering therapy
MeSH terms: Anticholesteremic Agents, Cholesterol, Coronary Disease, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Neoplasms, Risk, Incidence, Survival Analysis, Pravastatin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks