Breast Cancer after Prophylactic Bilateral Mastectomy in Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a high risk of breast cancer and may choose to undergo prophylactic bilateral total mastectomy. We investigated the efficacy of this procedure in such women. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 139 women with a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who were enrolled in a breast-cancer surveillance program at the Rotterdam Family Cancer Clinic. At the time of enrollment, none of the women had a history of breast cancer. Seventy-six of these women eventually underwent prophylactic mastectomy, and the other 63 remained under regular surveillance. The effect of mastectomy on the incidence of breast cancer was analyzed by the Cox proportional-hazards method in which mastectomy was modeled as a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: No cases of breast cancer were observed after prophylactic mastectomy after a mean (+/-SE) follow-up of 2.9+/-1.4 years, whereas eight breast cancers developed in women under regular surveillance after a mean follow-up of 3.0+/-1.5 years (P=0.003; hazard ratio, 0; 95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 0.36). The actuarial mean five-year incidence of breast cancer among all women in the surveillance group was 17+/-7 percent. On the basis of an exponential model, the yearly incidence of breast cancer in this group was 2.5 percent. The observed number of breast cancers in the surveillance group was consistent with the expected number (ratio of observed to expected cases, 1.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.4 to 3.7; P=0.80). CONCLUSIONS: In women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, prophylactic bilateral total mastectomy reduces the incidence of breast cancer at three years of follow-up.
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Prophylactic mastectomy reduces breast cancer risk by at least 90% in high-risk women.
“Studies on PM consistently show a risk reduction of breast cancer of at least 90% [1,2]”
From Standard psychological consultations and follow up for women at increased risk of hereditary breast cancer considering prophylactic mastectomy (2009) · cites this paper as [2]
The Results (p. 2) report no breast cancers after mastectomy versus eight under surveillance over about three years, supporting a substantial short-term reduction. But the study does not establish a reduction of at least 90%: its hazard-ratio confidence interval extends to 0.36, and the Discussion (p. 6) describes a previous study’s reduction as approximately 90%, not at least 90%. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredProphylactic bilateral mastectomy has been shown to reduce the incidence of breast cancer by approximately 90% in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
“which has been shown to reduce the incidence of breast cancer by approximately 90% [57-59]”
From Screening, Risk Reduction Strategies, and Clinical Management of Unaffected Carriers of <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i> Pathogenic Variants (2026) · cites this paper as [58]
The Incidence of Breast Cancer section (p. 5) reports significantly lower incidence after mastectomy in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, but does not estimate a 90% reduction. The Discussion (p. 6) reports an approximate 90% reduction in an earlier study of women with a family history of breast cancer; only some were confirmed mutation carriers. The stated percentage is therefore not established specifically for carriers by this paper. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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“…may be offered more personalized clin- ical management and receive prophylactic therapies such as oophorectomy or mastectomy; or aromatase inhibitors, in the case of ER-positive disease (Friebel et al., 2007; Hartmann et al., 2001; Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001; Rebbeck et al., 2002, 2004, 2009b).”
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“Although the present results demonstrate a reduction in ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer events associated with oophorectomy and tamoxifen use in BRCA1/2 carriers, the reductions are modest compared with the 90% or greater reductions observed after bilateral prophylactic mastectomy.(4-6) Given that a random…”
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“also found a significant reduction in the risk of breast cancer associated with prophylactic mastectomy.(18)”
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Cost-effectiveness of Screening BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers With Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Plevritis, S. K., Kurian, A. W., Sigal, B. M., Daniel, B. L., Ikeda, D. M., Stockdale, F. E., & Garber, A. M. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.20.2374 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
The Role of Risk-Reducing Surgery in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Hartmann, L. C., & Lindor, N. M. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1503523 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
LANCASTER, J., BETHANPOWELL, C., Kauff, N. D., Cass, I. A., CHEN, L., LU, K., Mutch, D. G., Berchuck, A., Karlan, B. Y., & Herzog, T. J. (2007) · Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.09.031 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“[20–23].”
Genetic Testing in an Ethnically Diverse Cohort of High-Risk Women
Nanda, R., Schumm, L. P., Cummings, S. A., Fackenthal, J. D., Sveen, L., Ademuyiwa, F. O., Cobleigh, M., Esserman, L. J., Lindor, N. M., Neuhausen, S. L., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.15.1925 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“High-risk women are advised to begin intensive surveillance at either 10 years younger than the earliest case of breast cancer in the family or at age 25 years, consider riskreducing prophylactic surgery, and undergo screening magnetic resonance imaging of the breast.(1-4) An estimated 5% to 10% of breast cancer cases…”
BackgroundASCO/SSO review of current role of risk-reducing surgery in common hereditary cancer syndromes.
Guillem, J., Wood, W., Moley, J., Berchuck, A., Karlan, B., Mutch, D., Gagel, R., Weitzel, J., Morrow, M., Weber, B., et al. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.5260 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“Although a randomized trial to address this subject in the purest fashion is not feasible, several studies have recently emerged comparing those mutation carriers who elected prophylactic bilateral mastectomy with those who did not.(20) Reassuringly, this also demonstrated a risk reduction of at least 90%.”
BackgroundOutcome of Preventive Surgery and Screening for Breast and Ovarian Cancer in BRCA Mutation Carriers
Scheuer, L., Kauff, N. D., Robson, M. E., Kelly, B. N., Barakat, R. R., Satagopan, J. M., Ellis, N. A., Hensley, M. L., Boyd, J. A., Borgen, P. I., et al. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2002.20.5.1260 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
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Precision Medicine from a Public Health Perspective
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BRCA in breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Evans, D. G., Shenton, A., Woodward, E., Lalloo, F., Howell, A., & Maher, E. (2008) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-155 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Friedreich ataxia: the oxidative stress paradox
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BRCA in breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines
Balmañà, J., Dı́ez, O., Rubio, I. T., & Castiglione, M. (2010) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq161 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Application of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Models in Clinical Practice
Domchek, S. M., Eisen, A. F., Calzone, K., Stopfer, J. E., Blackwood, A. M., & Weber, B. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.07.007 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Meindl, A., Ditsch, N. C., Kast, K., Rhiem, K., & Schmutzler, R. K. (2011) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt international · doi:10.3238/arztebl.2011.0323 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Survival after bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy in healthy BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
Heemskerk‐Gerritsen, B. A. M., Jager, A., Koppert, L. B., Obdeijn, A. I. M., Collee, M. J., Meijers-Heijboer, H. E. J., Jenner, D. J., Oldenburg, H. S. A., van Engelen, K., de Vries, J., et al. (2019) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-019-05345-2 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationFrost, M. H., Slezak, J. M., Tran, N. V., Williams, C. I., Johnson, J. L., Woods, J. E., Petty, P. M., Donohue, J. H., Grant, C. S., Sloan, J. A., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.09.233 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
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Practice Bulletin No 182: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome
(2017) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002296 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
van der Kolk, D. M., de Bock, G. H., Leegte, B. K., Schaapveld, M., Mourits, M. J. E., de Vries, J., van der Hout, A. H., & Oosterwijk, J. C. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-010-0805-3 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“However, since ovarian cancer screening is not effective [3], women are advised to undergo a prophylactic bilateral salpingo oophorectomy (pBSO) after child-bearing age [4, 5].”
BackgroundHereditary breast and ovarian cancer: review and future perspectives
Lux, M. P., Fasching, P. A., & Beckmann, M. W. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0696-7 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Rijnsburger, A. J., Obdeijn, I.-M., Kaas, R., Tilanus‐Linthorst, M. M. A., Boetes, C., Loo, C. E., Wasser, M. N. J. M., Bergers, E., Kok, T., Muller, S. H., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2009.27.2294 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“The risk of breast cancer can be reduced by prophylactic surgery or chemoprevention.(5-9) A promising strategy to reduce the risk of breast cancer death is early diagnosis by intensive surveillance.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMetcalfe, K. A., Eisen, A. F., Senter, L. A., Armel, S. R., Bordeleau, L. J., Meschino, W. S., Pal, T., Lynch, H. T., Tung, N., Kwong, A., et al. (2019) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0446-1 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Modifiers of risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
Narod, S. A. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc726 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Disparities in Genetic Testing: Thinking Outside theBRCABox
Hall, M. J., & Olopade, O. I. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.05.5889 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Breast cancer prevention in high-risk women
Thorat, M. A., & Balasubramanian, R. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.11.006 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations
Eleje, G. U., Eke, A. C., Ezebialu, I. U., Ikechebelu, J. I., Ugwu, E. O., & Okonkwo, O. O. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012464.pub2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Prevention and Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer
Narod, S. A., & Offit, K. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.10.035 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Kleinberg, D. L., Wood, T. L., Furth, P. A., & Lee, A. V. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2008-0022 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“often elect to have prophylactic bilateral mastectomies, which can drastically lower the development of breast cancer (257).”
BackgroundArmstrong, K., Schwartz, J. S., Randall, T. C., Rubin, S. C., & Weber, B. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2004.06.090 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“0 [43]”
Heemskerk-Gerritsen, B. A. M., Brekelmans, C. T. M., Menke-Pluymers, M. B. E., van Geel, A. N., Tilanus-Linthorst, M. M. A., Bartels, C. C. M., Tan, M., Meijers-Heijboer, H. E. J., Klijn, J. G. M., & Seynaeve, C. (2007) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-007-9449-x · Cited by 153 · see citing works
“33 Necrosis 1 (1) 3 (5) Capsular formation 31 (37) 20 (35) Prosthesis luxation 2 (2) 3 (5) Poor cosmetic appearance d 31 (37) 19 (34) Dog ear 16 (19) 12 (21)”
Self-citationPretest prediction of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation by risk counselors and the computer model BRCAPRO.
Euhus, D., Smith, K. C., Robinson, L., Stucky, A., Olopade, O., Cummings, S., Garber, J., Chittenden, A., Mills, G., Rieger, P., et al. (2002) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.11.844 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Ovarian cancer risk in Ashkenazi Jewish carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.
Satagopan, J. M., Boyd, J. A., Kauff, N. D., Robson, M. E., Scheuer, L., Narod, S. A., & Offit, K. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Cost-Effectiveness of Preventive Strategies for Women with a BRCA1 or a BRCA2 Mutation
Anderson, K. N., Jacobson, J. S., Heitjan, D. F., Zivin, J. G., Hershman, D. L., Neugut, A. I., & Grann, V. R. (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-6-200603210-00006 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Other recent studies suggest that bilateral prophylactic mastectomy may reduce the risk for breast cancer by 90% (12, 21, 29), tamoxifen (taken for 5 years) may reduce the risk for breast cancer by 49% (25, 30), and oral contraceptives may reduce the risk for ovarian cancer by 54% (31, 32).”
Hoogerbrugge, N., Bult, P., de Widt-Levert, L. M., Beex, L. V. A. M., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Ligtenberg, M. J. L., Massuger, L., Boetes, C., Manders, P., & Brunner, H. G. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.02.137 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Udagawa, T., Fernández, A., Achilles, E., Folkman, J., & D’Amato, R. J. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0813com · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“In vivo models for human tumor dormancy would also be useful in the design of therapies to treat occult cancers to prevent relapse or primary cancer, particularly in individuals who are at high risk (20, 21, 48).”
BackgroundCancer Prevention: From 1727 to Milestones of the Past 100 Years
Lippman, S. M., & Hawk, E. T. (2009) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1750 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“cohort studies demonstrated that prophylactic mastectomy in women at risk of familial breast cancer (186), including BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (187), substantially reduced the risk of”
BackgroundEffect of genetic cancer risk assessment on surgical decisions at breast cancer diagnosis.
Weitzel, J., McCaffrey, S., Nedelcu, R., Macdonald, D., Blazer, K., & Cullinane, C. (2003) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.138.12.1323 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Evans, D. G., Lalloo, F. I., Ashcroft, L., Shenton, A., Clancy, T., Baildam, A. D., Brain, A., Hopwood, P., & Howell, A. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0171 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“The efficacy of surgical procedures for reducing the risk of breast and ovarian cancer is now beyond dispute (2-6).”
BackgroundThe development of interval breast malignancies in patients with BRCA mutations
Komenaka, I. K., Ditkoff, B., Joseph, K.-A. P., Russo, D., Gorroochurn, P., Ward, M., Horowitz, E., El-Tamer, M. B., & Schnabel, F. R. (2004) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20221 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“– 6 Nonetheless, in spite of the debate regarding survival benefit, widespread adoption of the published breast carcinoma screening guidelines has led to earlier detection of breast malignancies and to the detection of a larger proportion of these malignancies in a noninvasive stage.(6,7) Over the last decade, with th…”
BackgroundHether, H. J., Huang, G. C., Beck, V., Murphy, S. T., & Valente, T. W. (2008) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730802487471 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“While the prevalence of these surgeries is largely unknown, some studies report that between 19% and 50% of mutation-positive women have chosen to undergo prophylactic mastectomy to manage their cancer risks (Lynch, Lynch, & Rubinstein, 2001; Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001).”
BackgroundIllness perceptions and distress in women at increased risk of breast cancer
Rees, G., Fry, A. M., Cull, A., & Sutton, S. R. (2004) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440412331279764 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“High risk women may be offered prophylactic bilateral mastectomy which has been found to be effective in reducing the incidence of breast cancer in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001).”
BackgroundAttitudes of Patients With Cancer About Personalized Medicine and Somatic Genetic Testing
Gray, S. W., Hicks-Courant, K., Lathan, C. S., Garraway, L., Park, E. R., & Weeks, J. C. (2012) · Journal of Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/jop.2012.000626 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Risk factors and risk reduction of breast and ovarian cancer
Brekelmans, C. T. M. (2003) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/00001703-200302000-00010 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Self-citationYao, K. A., Liederbach, E., Tang, R., Lei, L., Czechura, T., Sisco, M., Howard, M. A., Hulick, P. J., Winchester, D. J., Coopey, S. B., et al. (2014) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-014-3883-3 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“, there were no breast cancer cases in the prophylactic mastectomy group and eight cancers in the surveillance group at 3 years of follow-up.(15) Another study of 236 BRCA1/2 carriers showed no primary breast cancers at 4.”
Psychosocial functioning in women who have undergone bilateral prophylactic mastectomy
Metcalfe, K., Esplen, M., Goel, V., & Narod, S. (2004) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.726 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“For women who are at a very high risk of developing breast cancer, prophylactic mastectomy has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer by 80% or more (Hartmann et al., 1999, 2001; Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001).”
BRCA1 and Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies
Fu, X., Tan, W., Song, Q., Pei, H., & Li, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.813457 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“RRM can reduce the risk of developing BC in BRCA1 carriers by more than 90% (Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001; HeemskerkGerritsen et al., 2013; Li et al., 2016) and even reduce mortality from any cause (Honold and Camus, 2018).”
BackgroundShaag, A., Walsh, T., Renbaum, P., Kirchhoff, T., Nafa, K., Shiovitz, S., Mandell, J. B., Welcsh, P. L., Lee, M. K., Ellis, N. A., et al. (2005) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddi052 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Eisinger, F., Paillerets, B. B., Castaigne, D., Cottu, P. H., Lansac, J., Lefranc, J., Lesur, A., Noguès, C., Pierret, J., Puy‐Pernias, S., et al. (2006) · Pathologie Biologie · doi:10.1016/j.patbio.2006.02.002 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Heemskerk‐Gerritsen, B. A. M., Menke‐Pluijmers, M. B. E., Jager, A., Tilanus‐Linthorst, M. M. A., Koppert, L. B., Obdeijn, I. M., van Deurzen, C. H. M., Collée, J. M., Seynaeve, C., & Hooning, M. J. (2013) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdt134 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“from our institute, reported reduction of BC risk after BRRM in healthy BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers [6–10].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationProphylactic mastectomy for the prevention of breast cancer
Lostumbo, L., Carbine, N. E., Wallace, J., Ezzo, J., & Dickersin, K. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002748.pub2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Meijers-Heijboer, H., Brekelmans, C., Menke-Pluymers, M., Seynaeve, C., Baalbergen, A., Burger, C., Crepin, E., van den Ouweland, A. V. D., van Geel, B. V., & Klijn, J. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2003.09.052 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationSkytte, A., Gerdes, A., Andersen, M., Sunde, L., Brøndum‐Nielsen, K., Waldstrøm, M., Kølvraa, S., & Crüger, D. G. (2010) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01329.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Razdan, S. N., Patel, V., Jewell, S., & McCarthy, C. M. (2015) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1181-6 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Recognition and Management of Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes
Thull, D. L., & Vogel, V. G. (2004) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.9-1-13 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Satisfaction with Prophylactic Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction in Genetically Predisposed Women
Bresser, P. J. C., Seynaeve, C., Gool, A. R. V., Brekelmans, C. T. M., Meijers-Heijboer, H. E. J., van Geel, A. N., Menke‐Pluijmers, M. B. E., Duivenvoorden, H. J., Klijn, J. G. M., & Tibben, A. (2006) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000217383.99038.f5 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Being satisfied with result of PM/BR 113 68 (60) 13 (12) 32 (28) Would opt for PM again 112 106 (95) 5 (5) 1 (1) Would opt for BR again 112 89 (80) 12 (11) 11 (10) Feeling sufficiently informed 112 95 (85) 1 (1) 16 (14) Surgery did not meet expectations 112 35 (31) 8 (7) 69 (62) Complications‡ 113 48 (43) 2 (2) 63 (56…”
InfluentialSelf-citationBRCA1 : mechanisms of inactivation and implications for management of patients
Kennedy, R. D., Quinn, J. E., Johnston, P. G., & Harkin, D. P. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11087-7 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Modifiers of risk of hereditary breast cancer
Narod, S. A. (2006) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209870 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“In a cohort of 76 BRCA1 mutation carriers from Rotterdam, eight invasive cancers were detected during 318 person-years of follow-up (Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001) – an annual incidence of 2.”
BackgroundInfluentialSardanelli, F., & Podo, F. (2006) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0389-9 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Wainberg, S., & Husted, J. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1989.13.12 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Salt Lake City, UT, USA 26 In-person interview 12 months 24 months Ages 25-39 Ages >40 — 54% (14) 71% (12) 22% (2) — 46% (12) 29% (5) 78% (7)”
InfluentialFatouros, M., Baltoyiannis, G., & Roukos, D. H. (2007) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-007-9612-4 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“003) breast cancer incidence among the women who did not have the procedure.(35) Moreover, PBM reduced the risk of breast cancer by approximately 95% in women with previous or concurrent PBM and reduced the risk by approximately 90% in women with intact ovaries.”
BackgroundBreast Cancer Screening with MRI — What Are the Data for Patients at High Risk?
Liberman, L. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme048117 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Translational advances regarding hereditary breast cancer syndromes
Gage, M. M., Wattendorf, D. J., & Henry, L. R. (2012) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.21856 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“[27], no cases of breast cancer were seen over 3 years in 76 women who had prophylactic bilateral total mastectomies, whereas 8 of 63 women undergoing regular surveillance developed breast cancer.”
BackgroundContralateral prophylactic mastectomy
Goldflam, K., Hunt, K. K., Gershenwald, J. E., Singletary, S. E., Mirza, N. Q., Kuerer, H. M., Babiera, G. V., Ames, F. C., Ross, M. I., Feig, B. W., et al. (2004) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20617 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“More recently, studies in women with known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have also demonstrated significant risk reduction with BPM.17,18 It is noteworthy that even with close observation, some of the breast carcinomas that developed in the observation group were lymph node positive, and one patient eventually died of bre…”
BackgroundArmstrong, K., Weber, B., FitzGerald, G., Hershey, J. C., Pauly, M. V., Lemaire, J., Subramanian, K., & Asch, D. A. (2003) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20025 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“As women in this group had an average breast cancer risk over 20%, genetic testing might have been able to identify women who would be most likely tobenefit from interventions to reducebreast cancer risk, such as prophylactic mastectomy and tamoxifen [Fisher et al., 1998; Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001].”
Background
- Authors
- Meijers-Heijboer, H., van Geel, B., van Putten, W. L. J., Henzen-Logmans, S. C., Seynaeve, C., Menke-Pluymers, M. B. E., Bartels, C. C. M., Verhoog, L. C., van den Ouweland, A. M. W., Niermeijer, M. F., Brekelmans, C. T. M., & Klijn, J. G. M.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2001-07-19
- Volume
- 345
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 159-164
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2046809735
- Cited by
- 973
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 35.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Breast Lesions and Carcinomas
- Keywords
- breast cancer, bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, BRCA1 mutation, BRCA2 mutation, hereditary breast cancer, breast cancer incidence, breast cancer surveillance, genetic susceptibility to cancer
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Mutation, Neoplasm Proteins, Prospective Studies, Transcription Factors, Mastectomy, Simple, Proportional Hazards Models, Genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 Protein
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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