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Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Abstract
C o r r e s p o n d e n c e Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 InfectionTo the Editor: Natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicits strong protection against reinfection with the B.1.1.7 (alpha), 1,2 B.1.351(beta), 1 and B.1.617.2 (delta) 3 variants.However, the B.1.1.529(omicron) variant harbors multiple mutations that can mediate immune evasion.We estimated the effectiveness of previous infection in preventing symptomatic new cases caused by omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants in Qatar.In this study, we extracted data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) laboratory testing, vaccination, clinical infection data, and related demographic details from the national SARS-CoV-2 databases, which include all results of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing, vaccinations, and hospitalizations and deaths for Covid-19 in Qatar since the start of the pandemic.The effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in preventing reinfection was defined as the proportional reduction in susceptibility to infection among persons who had recovered from infection as compared with those who had not been infected.4 Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive result on PCR assay at least 90 days before a new positive PCR finding.4 We used a test-negative, case-control study design to assess the effectiveness of previ-
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“Accordingly, previous infections in this study were considered to be due to variants other than omicron, since they occurred before the omicron wave in Qatar.”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Of these specimens, 300 (95.2%) were confirmed to be omicron infections and 15 (4.8%) to be delta (or B.1.617.2)1 infections.”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“These findings are explained by the short-lived protection of primary-series vaccination against omicron infections3,27 and the more durable protection from natural infection,2,28 as confirmed by the additional analysis of protection as a function of time after previous infection or vaccination (Figure 3).”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The results confirmed other findings that we reported recently, including a protection of approximately 50% for previous infection against reinfection with BA.1,2 a protection of approximately 50% for mRNA boosters as compared with primary series,4 and the finding that mRNA vaccines have negligible effectiveness against omicron infection 6 or more months after the second dose.3”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“Extensive sensitivity and additional analyses were conducted to investigate effects of potential bias in our earlier studies that used similar methods. These included different adjustments and controls in the analysis and different study inclusion and exclusion criteria to investigate whether effectiveness estimates could have been biased.12,22 These analyses showed consistent findings.2,3,12,17,2”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“The large Omicron-wave exponential-growth phase in Qatar started on December 19, 2021 and peaked in mid-January, 20222–5.”
From Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“One study estimates a protection through previous infection of 92% against Delta and 56% against Omicron. 31”
From Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19 (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Now, prior infection does not offer the same level of protection against Omicron as against Delta.”
From Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19 (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta
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SARS-CoV-2—The Role of Natural Immunity: A Narrative Review
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Global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Estimating SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and associated changes in COVID‐19 severity and fatality
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Effectiveness of the 2023–2024 Formulation of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine
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SARS CoV-2 reinfection rate is higher in the Omicron variant than in the Alpha and Delta variants
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Self-citationBivalent mRNA-1273.214 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 omicron XBB* infections
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Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Health-Care Workers, 1 March 2020–31 January 2023
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History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection
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Self-citationResearch progress on vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
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Metadata
- Authors
- Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H., Hasan, M. R., Ayoub, H. H., Qassim, S., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Benslimane, F. M., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., Butt, A. A., Al-Romaihi, H. E., Al-Thani, M. H., Al-Khal, A., Bertollini, R., Tang, P., & Abu-Raddad, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (QA)
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar University (QA)
- Hamad Medical Corporation (QA)
- Primary Health Care (QA)
- Ministry of Public Health (QA)
- Corresponding author
- Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2022-03-31
- Volume
- 386
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1288-1290
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8849180
- OpenAlex
- W4211118466
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 208
- FWCI
- 53.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Qatar Genome Program and Qatar University Biomedical Research Center
- Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar
- Qatar Ministry of Public Health; Hamad Medical Corporation; and Sidra Medicine
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2, natural immunity, prior infection, reinfection prevention, immune evasion, symptomatic COVID-19, test-negative design, Qatar
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Adaptive Immunity
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