Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
C o r r e s p o n d e n c e Protection against the Omicron Variant from Previous SARS-CoV-2 InfectionTo the Editor: Natural infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) elicits strong protection against reinfection with the B.1.1.7 (alpha), 1,2 B.1.351(beta), 1 and B.1.617.2 (delta) 3 variants.However, the B.1.1.529(omicron) variant harbors multiple mutations that can mediate immune evasion.We estimated the effectiveness of previous infection in preventing symptomatic new cases caused by omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants in Qatar.In this study, we extracted data regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) laboratory testing, vaccination, clinical infection data, and related demographic details from the national SARS-CoV-2 databases, which include all results of polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) testing, vaccinations, and hospitalizations and deaths for Covid-19 in Qatar since the start of the pandemic.The effectiveness of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in preventing reinfection was defined as the proportional reduction in susceptibility to infection among persons who had recovered from infection as compared with those who had not been infected.4 Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive result on PCR assay at least 90 days before a new positive PCR finding.4 We used a test-negative, case-control study design to assess the effectiveness of previ-
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous infections in the study were considered to be caused by variants other than omicron because they occurred before the omicron wave in Qatar.
“Accordingly, previous infections in this study were considered to be due to variants other than omicron, since they occurred before the omicron wave in Qatar.”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Among 315 random SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens sequenced, 300 (95.2%) were omicron and 15 (4.8%) were delta.
“Of these specimens, 300 (95.2%) were confirmed to be omicron infections and 15 (4.8%) to be delta (or B.1.617.2)1 infections.”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The findings are explained by short-lived protection of primary-series vaccination against omicron and more durable protection from natural infection.
“These findings are explained by the short-lived protection of primary-series vaccination against omicron infections3,27 and the more durable protection from natural infection,2,28 as confirmed by the additional analysis of protection as a function of time after previous infection or vaccination (Figure 3).”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The results confirmed other findings: approximately 50% protection from previous infection against BA.1 reinfection, approximately 50% protection from mRNA boosters compared with primary series, and negligible mRNA vaccine effectiveness against omicron infection six or more months after the second dose.
“The results confirmed other findings that we reported recently, including a protection of approximately 50% for previous infection against reinfection with BA.1,2 a protection of approximately 50% for mRNA boosters as compared with primary series,4 and the finding that mRNA vaccines have negligible effectiveness against omicron infection 6 or more months after the second dose.3”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Extensive sensitivity and additional analyses were conducted to investigate potential bias in earlier studies using similar methods, and these analyses showed consistent findings.
“Extensive sensitivity and additional analyses were conducted to investigate effects of potential bias in our earlier studies that used similar methods. These included different adjustments and controls in the analysis and different study inclusion and exclusion criteria to investigate whether effectiveness estimates could have been biased.12,22 These analyses showed consistent findings.2,3,12,17,2”
From Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The large Omicron-wave exponential-growth phase in Qatar started on December 19, 2021 and peaked in mid-January, 2022.
“The large Omicron-wave exponential-growth phase in Qatar started on December 19, 2021 and peaked in mid-January, 20222–5.”
From Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
One study estimates a protection through previous infection of 92% against Delta and 56% against Omicron.
“One study estimates a protection through previous infection of 92% against Delta and 56% against Omicron. 31”
From Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19 (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
Prior infection does not offer the same level of protection against Omicron as against Delta.
“Now, prior infection does not offer the same level of protection against Omicron as against Delta.”
From Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19 (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S. 1., & Lash, T. L. (1998) · Cited by 2,106 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., & Butt, A. A. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2104974 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Self-citationWaning of BNT162b2 Vaccine Protection against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Qatar
Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., AlMukdad, S., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2114114 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of matched case-control studies
Pearce, N. E. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i969 · Cited by 774 · see citing works
The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness
Jackson, M. L., & Nelson, J. C. (2013) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.053 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Qatar
Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Chemaitelly, H., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01583-4 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Self-citationChemaitelly, H., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al Khatib, H. A., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Malek, J. A., Coyle, P., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01446-y · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Self-citation(2021) · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100861 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationAbu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H. S., Malek, J. A., Ahmed, A. A., Mohamoud, Y. A., Younuskunju, S., Ayoub, H. H., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Khal, A., Al‐Kuwari, E., et al. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1846 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationCOVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak monitoring using wastewater-based epidemiology in Qatar
Saththasivam, J., El-Malah, S. S., Gomez, T., Jabbar, K. A., Remanan, R., Krishnankutty, A. K., Ogunbiyi, O. O., Rasool, K., Ashhab, S., Rashkeev, S. N., et al. (2021) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145608 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Self-citationCharacterizing the Qatar advanced-phase SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., Al Kanaani, Z., Al Khal, A., Al Kuwari, E., Butt, A. A., Coyle, P., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85428-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationVerani, J. R., Baqui, A. H., Broome, C. V., Cherian, T., Cohen, C., Farrar, J. L., Feikin, D. R., Groome, M. J., Hajjeh, R. A., Johnson, H. L., et al. (2017) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.037 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Jeremijenko, A., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., Alishaq, M., Abou-Samra, A.-B., Al Ajmi, J. A. A. A., Al Ansari, N. A. A., Al Kanaani, Z., Al Khal, A., Al Kuwari, E., et al. (2021) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2705.204365 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of Natural Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection with the Beta Variant
Chemaitelly, H. S., Bertollini, R., & Abu-Raddad, L. J. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2110300 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationCoyle, P. V., Chemaitelly, H., Ben Hadj Kacem, M. A., Abdulla Al Molawi, N. H., El Kahlout, R. A., Gilliani, I., Younes, N., Al Anssari, G. A. A. A., Al Kanaani, Z., Al Khal, A., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102646 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationA Systematic Review of the Protective Effect of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Repeat Infection
Kojima, N., Shrestha, N. K. M., & Klausner, J. D. (2021) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/01632787211047932 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is at Herd Immunity in the Majority Segment of the Population of Qatar
Al-Thani, M. H., Farag, E., Bertollini, R., Al Romaihi, H. E., Abdeen, S., Abdelkarim, A., Daraan, F., Elhaj Ismail, A. I. H., Mostafa, N., Sahl, M., et al. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab221 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationAyoub, H. H., Chemaitelly, H., Seedat, S., Makhoul, M., Al Kanaani, Z., Al Khal, A., Al Kuwari, E., Butt, A. A., Coyle, P., Jeremijenko, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.05005 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationAbu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Benslimane, F. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28199-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationOne Year of SARS-CoV-2: Genomic Characterization of COVID-19 Outbreak in Qatar
Benslimane, F. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Al-Jamal, O., Albatesh, D., Boughattas, S., Ahmed, A. A., Bensaad, M., Younuskunju, S., Mohamoud, Y. A., Badr, M. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.768883 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationHasan, M. R., Kalikiri, M. K. R., Mirza, F., Sundararaju, S., Sharma, A., Xaba, T., Lorenz, S., Chemaitelly, H. S., Kahlout, R. A. E., Tsui, C. K. M., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.006 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, P., Gordon, S. M., Sheehan, M. M., & Rothberg, M. B. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab999 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., Coyle, P., Malek, J. A., Ahmed, A. A., Mohamoud, Y. A., Younuskunju, S., Tang, P., Al Kanaani, Z., et al. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003879 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAyoub, H. H., Tomy, M., Chemaitelly, H. S., Altarawneh, H. N., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., Butt, A. A., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad239 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa
Pulliam, J. R. C., van Schalkwyk, C., Govender, N., Gottberg, A. V., Cohen, C., Groome, M. J., Dushoff, J., Mlisana, K., & Moultrie, H. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.11.21266068 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection
Bowe, B. C., Xie, Y., & Al‐Aly, Z. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02051-3 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
Bobrovitz, N., Ware, H., Ma, X., Li, Z., Hosseini, R., Cao, C., Selemon, A., Whelan, M., Premji, Z., Issa, H., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00801-5 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives
Fan, Y., Li, X., Zhang, L., Wan, S., Zhang, L., & Zhou, F. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00997-x · Cited by 584 · see citing works
Effects of Previous Infection and Vaccination on Symptomatic Omicron Infections
Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Coyle, P., Al-Kanaani, Z., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2203965 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Self-citationShrestha, L. B., Foster, C. S. P., Rawlinson, W. D., Tedla, N. T., & Bull, R. A. (2022) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2381 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Lewnard, J. A., Hong, V. X., Patel, M. M., Kahn, R. J., Lipsitch, M., & Tartof, S. Y. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01887-z · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar
Abu-Raddad, L. J., Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2200797 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Self-citationCorrelates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease
Goldblatt, D., Alter, G., Crotty, S., & Plotkin, S. A. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13091 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Immunological memory to SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and COVID ‐19 vaccines
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13089 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Nordström, P., Ballin, M., & Nordström, A. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00143-8 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections: Overview of Efficacy and Duration of Natural and Hybrid Immunity
Pilz, S., Theiler‐Schwetz, V., Trummer, C., Krause, R. G. E., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112911 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Duration of mRNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants in Qatar
Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Tang, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Hasan, M. R., Al-Kanaani, Z., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30895-3 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Self-citationInfectiousness of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections and reinfections during the Omicron wave
Tan, S. T., Kwan, A. T., Rodríguez-Barraquer, I., Singer, B. J., Park, H. J., Lewnard, J. A., Sears, D. A., & Lo, N. C. (2023) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-02138-x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2
Sette, A., Sidney, J., & Crotty, S. (2023) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Protective Effect of Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 Subvariants
Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2209306 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationNanotechnology-based strategies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Huang, X., Kon, E., Han, X., Zhang, X., Kong, N., Mitchell, M. J., Peer, D., & Tao, W. (2022) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-022-01174-5 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Structural and functional impact by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron spike mutations
Zhang, J., Cai, Y., Lavine, C. L., Peng, H., Zhu, H., Anand, K., Tong, P., Gautam, A. K., Mayer, M. L., Rits‐Volloch, S., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110729 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Molecular characteristics, immune evasion, and impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Sun, C., Xie, C., Bu, G., Zhong, L., & Zeng, M. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01039-2 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
COVID-19 2022 update: transition of the pandemic to the endemic phase
Biancolella, M., Colona, V. L., Mehrian‐Shai, R., Watt, J. L., Luzzatto, L., Novelli, G., & Reichardt, J. K. V. (2022) · Human Genomics · doi:10.1186/s40246-022-00392-1 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Jurdi, A. A., Morená, L., Cote, M., Bethea, E. D., Azzi, J. R., & Riella, L. V. (2022) · American Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ajt.17128 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Disease Severity in Children Infected With the Omicron Variant
Butt, A. A., Dargham, S. R., Loka, S., Shaik, R. M., Chemaitelly, H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac275 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, D.-Y., Gu, Y., Xu, Y., Wheeler, B., Young, H., Sunny, S. K., Moore, Z., & Zeng, D. (2022) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2022.17876 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Link-Gelles, R., Levy, M. E., Gaglani, M., Irving, S. A., Stockwell, M., Dascomb, K., DeSilva, M. B., Reese, S. E., Liao, I.-C., Ong, T. C., et al. (2022) · MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7129e1 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant: Immune escape and vaccine development
Ao, D., Lan, T., He, X., Liu, J., Chen, L., Baptista‐Hon, D. T., Zhang, K., & Wei, X. (2022) · MedComm · doi:10.1002/mco2.126 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors
Zsichla, L., & Müller, V. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15010175 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00058-0 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Self-citationCarazo, S., Skowronski, D. M., Brisson, M., Sauvageau, C., Brousseau, N., Gilca, R., Ouakki, M., Barkati, S., Fafard, J., Talbot, D. C., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00578-3 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Duration of immune protection of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection against reinfection
Chemaitelly, H. S., Nagelkerke, N. J. D., Ayoub, H. H., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taac109 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationHansen, C. H., Friis, N. U., Bager, P., Stegger, M., Fonager, J., Fomsgaard, A., Gram, M. A., Christiansen, L. E., Ethelberg, S., Legarth, R. A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00595-3 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Plumb, I. D., Feldstein, L. R., Barkley, E., Posner, A. B., Bregman, H. S., Hagen, M. B., & Gerhart, J. L. (2022) · MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report · doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7115e2 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Bivalent Vaccine
Shrestha, N. K. M., Burke, P. C., Nowacki, A. S., Simon, J. F., Hagen, A. E. F., & Gordon, S. M. (2023) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad209 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Jara, A., Undurraga, E. A., Zubizarreta, J. R., González, C., Acevedo, J., Pizarro, A., Vergara, V., Soto-Marchant, M. E., Gilabert, R., Flores, J. C., et al. (2022) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01874-4 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Current and Emerging Knowledge in COVID-19
Jeong, Y. J., Wi, Y. M., Park, H., Lee, J. E., Kim, S., & Lee, K. S. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.222462 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Comparable neutralisation evasion of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3
Arora, P., Zhang, L., Rocha, C., Sidarovich, A., Kempf, A. M., Schulz, S. R., Cossmann, A., Manger, B., Baier, E., Tampe, B., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00224-9 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Medić, S., Anastassopoulou, C. G., Lozanov-Crvenković, Z., Vuković, V., Dragnic, N. R., Petrović, V., Ristić, M., Pustahija, T., Gojković, Z., Tsakris, A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100453 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Durability of Vaccine-Induced and Natural Immunity Against COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Pooley, N., Karim, S. S. A., Combadière, B., Ooi, E. E., Harris, R. C., Guerche‐Séblain, C. E., Kisomi, M., & Shaikh, N. (2023) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-022-00753-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Johnston, T. S., Li, S. H., Painter, M. M., Atkinson, R. K., Douek, N. R., Reeg, D. B., Douek, D. C., Wherry, E. J., & Hensley, S. E. (2024) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.017 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Pastorio, C., Zech, F., Noettger, S., Jung, C., Jacob, T., Sanderson, T., Sparrer, K. M. J., & Kirchhoff, F. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.006 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern
Mohsin, M., & Mahmud, S. A. S. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000029165 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection During an Omicron Wave in Iceland
Eyþórsson, E. S., Runolfsdottir, H. L., Ingvarsson, R. F., Sigurdsson, M. I., & Pálsson, R. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.25320 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Marjot, T., Eberhardt, C. S., Boettler, T., Belli, L. S., Berenguer, M., Buti, M., Jalan, R., Mondelli, M. U., Moreau, R., Shouval, D., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.07.008 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Protection of Omicron sub-lineage infection against reinfection with another Omicron sub-lineage
(2022) · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32363-4 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationPowell, A. A., Kirsebom, F. C. M., Stowe, J., Ramsay, M. E., Bernal, J. L., Andrews, N. J., & Ladhani, S. N. (2022) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00729-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Chemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Tang, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Hasan, M. R., Al-Kanaani, Z., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Microbe · doi:10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00287-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages exhibit distinct antibody escape patterns
Gruell, H., Vanshylla, K., Korenkov, M., Tober‐Lau, P., Zehner, M., Münn, F., Janicki, H., Augustin, M., Schommers, P., Sander, L. E., et al. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.07.002 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Immune Imprinting and Protection against Repeat Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2
Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmc2211055 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of vaccination mandates in improving uptake of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA
Mello, M. M., Opel, D. J., Benjamin, R. M., Callaghan, T., DiResta, R., Elharake, J. A., Flowers, L., Galvani, A. P., Salmon, D. A., Schwartz, J. L., et al. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00875-3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Covid-19 Vaccine Protection among Children and Adolescents in Qatar
Chemaitelly, H. S., AlMukdad, S., Ayoub, H. H., Altarawneh, H. N., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Hasan, M. R., et al. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2210058 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationDeng, J., Ma, Y., Liu, Q., Du, M., Liu, M., & Liu, J. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043335 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Brüssow, H. (2022) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.14064 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Manica, M., Bellis, A. D., Guzzetta, G., Mancuso, P., Vicentini, M., Venturelli, F., Zerbini, A., Bisaccia, E., Litvinova, M., Menegale, F., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100446 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Association between virus variants, vaccination, previous infections, and post-COVID-19 risk
Diexer, S., Klee, B., Gottschick, C., Xu, C., Broda, A., Purschke, O., Binder, M., Frese, T., Girndt, M., Hoell, J. I., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.019 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Defending against SARS-CoV-2: The T cell perspective
Almendro-Vázquez, P., Laguna‐Goya, R., & Paz‐Artal, E. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107803 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Auvigne, V., Vaux, S., Strat, Y. L., Schaeffer, J., Fournier, L., Tamandjou, C., Montagnat, C., Coignard, B., Levy-Bruhl, D., & Parent du Châtelet, I. (2022) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101455 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Klaassen, F., Chitwood, M. H., Cohen, T., Pitzer, V. E., Russi, M., Swartwood, N. A., Salomon, J. A., & Menzies, N. A. (2023) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciad210 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pather, S., Madhi, S. A., Cowling, B. J., Moss, P. A. H., Kamil, J. P., Ciesek, S., Muik, A., & Türeci, Ö. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130539 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Differential protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection pre- and post-Omicron
Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A. M., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08511-9 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 hybrid immunity: silver bullet or silver lining?
Suryawanshi, R., & Ott, M. (2022) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00771-8 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Bellusci, L., Grubbs, G., Zahra, F. T., Forgacs, D., Golding, H., Ross, T. M., & Khurana, S. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32298-w · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Thani, A. A. A., Coyle, P. V., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104734 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationWiegand, R. E., Deng, Y., Deng, X., Lee, A., Meyer, W. A., Letovsky, S. I., Charles, M. D., Gundlapalli, A. V., MacNeil, A., Hall, A. J., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100403 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sun, K., Tempia, S., Kleynhans, J., von Gottberg, A., McMorrow, M. L., Wolter, N., Bhiman, J. N., Moyes, J., du Plessis, M., Carrim, M., et al. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abo7081 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
OMICRON: Virology, immunopathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis
Bazargan, M., Elahi, R., & Esmaeilzadeh, A. (2022) · The Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.3435 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Michlmayr, D., Hansen, C. H., Gubbels, S. M., Valentiner‐Branth, P., Bager, P., Obel, N., Drewes, B., Møller, C. H., Møller, F. T., Legarth, R. A., et al. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100452 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections in France, March 2021 to February 2022
Bastard, J., Taisne, B., Figoni, J., Mailles, A., Durand, J., Fayad, M., Josset, L., Maisa, A., van der Werf, S., du Châtelet, I. P., et al. (2022) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.13.2200247 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Risk of death following COVID-19 vaccination or positive SARS-CoV-2 test in young people in England
Nafilyan, V., Bermingham, C. R., Ward, I. L., Morgan, J., Zaccardi, F., Khunti, K. K., Stanborough, J., Banerjee, A., & Doidge, J. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36494-0 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
COVID-19 Infection in Children: Diagnosis and Management
Zhu, F. H., & Ang, J. Y. (2022) · Current Infectious Disease Reports · doi:10.1007/s11908-022-00779-0 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nielsen, K. F., Moustsen‐Helms, I. R., Schelde, A. B., Gram, M. A., Emborg, H., Nielsen, J. O., Hansen, C. H., Andersen, M. A., Meaidi, M., Wohlfahrt, J., et al. (2022) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004037 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Vaccine mandates for healthcare workers beyond COVID-19
Giubilini, A., Savulescu, J., Pugh, J., & Wilkinson, D. (2023) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2022-108229 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Qassim, S. H., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Smatti, M. K., Rahim, H. F. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taac068 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationCarazo, S., Skowronski, D. M., Brisson, M., Sauvageau, C., Brousseau, N., Gilca, R., Ouakki, M., Barkati, S., Fafard, J., Talbot, D. C., et al. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36670 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Rosenke, K., Lewis, M. C., Feldmann, F., Bohrnsen, E., Schwarz, B. H., Okumura, A., Bohler, F., Callison, J. A., Shaia, C., Bosio, C. M., et al. (2022) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.166485 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Castillo, M. S., Khaoua, H., & Courtejoie, N. (2022) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.16.2200250 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Expert review on global real-world vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2
Chuenkitmongkol, S., Solante, R., Burhan, E., Chariyalertsak, S., Chiu, N., Dung, D. V., Husin, M., Hwang, K., Kiertiburanakul, S., Kulkarni, P. S., et al. (2022) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1080/14760584.2022.2092472 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta
van Doremalen, N., Singh, M., Saturday, T. A., Yinda, C. K., Pérez-Pérez, L., Bohler, F., Weishampel, Z. A., Lewis, M. C., Schulz, J. E., Williamson, B. N., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade1860 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Arora, P., Zhang, L., Krüger, N., Rocha, C., Sidarovich, A., Schulz, S. R., Kempf, A. M., Graichen, L., Moldenhauer, A.-S., Cossmann, A., et al. (2022) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.017 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Spinardi, J., & Srivastava, A. K. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020370 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2—The Role of Natural Immunity: A Narrative Review
Diani, S., Leonardi, E. A., Cavezzi, A., Ferrari, S., Iacono, O., Limoli, A., Bouslenko, Z., Natalini, D., Conti, S., Mantovani, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11216272 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tayar, E., Abdeen, S., Alah, M. A., Chemaitelly, H. S., Bougmiza, I. M., Ayoub, H. H., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Al‐Romaihi, H. E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Infection and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2022.12.016 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationGarcía-Valtanen, P., Hope, C. M., Masavuli, M. G., Yeow, A. E. L., Balachandran, H., Mekonnen, Z. A., Al-Delfi, Z., Abayasingam, A., Agapiou, D., Stella, A. O., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100651 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ayoub, H. H., Tomy, M., Chemaitelly, H. S., Altarawneh, H. N., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., Butt, A. A., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwad239 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationChemaitelly, H. S., Faust, J. S., Krumholz, H. M., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2023.09.005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationNunes, M. C., Mbotwe-Sibanda, S., Baillie, V. L., Kwatra, G., Aguas, R. J., Madhi, S. A., & the Wits VIDA HCW Study Group (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10030459 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ukwishaka, J., Ndayishimiye, Y., Destine, E., Danwang, C., & Kirakoya‐Samadoulougou, F. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15626-7 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Yechezkel, M., Mofaz, M., Painsky, A., Patalon, T., Gazit, S., Shmueli, E., & Yamin, D. (2022) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00407-6 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Pugh, J., Savulescu, J., Brown, R. C. H., & Wilkinson, D. J. C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2021-107956 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Estimating SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and associated changes in COVID‐19 severity and fatality
Marziano, V., Guzzetta, G., Menegale, F., Sacco, C., Petrone, D., Mateo‐Urdiales, A., Manso, M. D., Bella, A., Fabiani, M., Vescio, M. F., et al. (2023) · Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses · doi:10.1111/irv.13181 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Effectiveness of the 2023–2024 Formulation of the COVID-19 Messenger RNA Vaccine
Shrestha, N. K. M., Burke, P. C., Nowacki, A. S., & Gordon, S. M. (2024) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciae132 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Decru, B., Elslande, J. V., Steels, S., Pottelbergh, G. V., Godderis, L., Holm, B. V., Bossuyt, X., Weyenbergh, J. V., Maes, P., & Vermeersch, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.909910 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
SARS CoV-2 reinfection rate is higher in the Omicron variant than in the Alpha and Delta variants
Özüdoğru, O., Bahçe, Y. G., & Acer, Ö. (2022) · Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · doi:10.1007/s11845-022-03060-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Qassim, S. H., Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Coyle, P. V., Tang, P., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2023) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102102 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBivalent mRNA-1273.214 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 omicron XBB* infections
Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Faust, J. S., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1093/jtm/taad106 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in Health-Care Workers, 1 March 2020–31 January 2023
Cegolon, L., Magnano, G. C., Negro, C., & Filon, F. L. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15071551 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Busch, M. P., Stramer, S. L., Stone, M., Yu, E. A., Grebe, E., Notari, E. P., Saá, P., Ferg, R., Manrique, I. M., Weil, N., et al. (2022) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciac470 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Liu, B. C., Gidding, H. F., Stepien, S., Cretikos, M. A., & Macartney, K. K. (2022) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.029 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
History of primary-series and booster vaccination and protection against Omicron reinfection
Chemaitelly, H. S., Ayoub, H. H., Tang, P., Coyle, P. V., Yassine, H. M., Thani, A. A. A., Al-Khatib, H. A., Hasan, M. R., Kanaani, Z. A., Al‐Kuwari, E., et al. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh0761 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationChemaitelly, H., Ayoub, H. H., AlMukdad, S., Tang, P., Hasan, M. R., Yassine, H. M., Khatib, H. A. A., Smatti, M. K., Coyle, P., Kanaani, Z. A., et al. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.02.07.22270568 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch progress on vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Bian, L., Liu, J., Gao, F., Gao, Q., He, Q., Mao, Q., Wu, X., Xu, M., & Liang, Z. (2022) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2057161 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Altarawneh, H. N., Chemaitelly, H., Hasan, M. R., Ayoub, H. H., Qassim, S., AlMukdad, S., Coyle, P., Yassine, H. M., Al-Khatib, H. A., Benslimane, F. M., Al-Kanaani, Z., Al-Kuwari, E., Jeremijenko, A., Kaleeckal, A. H., Latif, A. N., Shaik, R. M., Abdul-Rahim, H. F., Nasrallah, G. K., Al-Kuwari, M. G., Butt, A. A., Al-Romaihi, H. E., Al-Thani, M. H., Al-Khal, A., Bertollini, R., Tang, P., & Abu-Raddad, L. J.
- Affiliations
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar (QA)
- Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Qatar University (QA)
- Hamad Medical Corporation (QA)
- Primary Health Care (QA)
- Ministry of Public Health (QA)
- Corresponding author
- Abu-Raddad, Laith J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2022-03-31
- Volume
- 386
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1288-1290
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- PMC
- PMC8849180
- OpenAlex
- W4211118466
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 129 · 2022: 208
- FWCI
- 53.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Qatar Genome Program and Qatar University Biomedical Research Center
- Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core at Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar
- Qatar Ministry of Public Health; Hamad Medical Corporation; and Sidra Medicine
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2, natural immunity, prior infection, reinfection prevention, immune evasion, symptomatic COVID-19, test-negative design, Qatar
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Adaptive Immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
